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Wednesday, August 24, 2016
Tuesday, August 23, 2016
নির্বাচনের আগে দরকার আস্থার পরিবেশ
সমীর কুমার দে, dw.com
নির্বাচন নিয়ে দেশি-বিদেশি
পর্যবেক্ষকদের আলোচনার মধ্যেই গত ২৬ জুলাই আওয়ামী লীগের সংসদীয় দলের এক সভায় নেতা-কর্মীদের
আগামী সংসদ নির্বাচনের প্রস্তুতি নেয়ার নির্দেশ দেন শেখ হাসিনা৷ প্রধানমন্ত্রী সেখানে
বলেন, ‘‘বর্তমান সরকারের মেয়াদের আড়াই বছর ইতোমধ্যে চলে গেছে৷ দু’বছর তিন মাস পর নির্বাচন
অনুষ্ঠিত হবে৷ তাই এখন থেকেই আপনাদেরকে পরবর্তী নির্বাচনের জন্য প্রস্তুতি নিতে হবে৷''
প্রধানমন্ত্রীর এই নির্দেশনার
পর জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচন নিয়ে নানা মহলে আলোচনা হচ্ছে৷ কেমন নির্বাচন হবে, কিভাবে হবে
তা নিয়েই মূলত আলোচনা৷ পাশাপাশি নতুন নির্বাচন কমিশন কেমন হবে সে ব্যাপারেও আলোচনা
আছে৷
বর্তমান নির্বাচন কমিশনের
মেয়াদ শেষ হচ্ছে আগামী বছরের ৯ ফেব্রুয়ারি৷ ফলে জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচনের আগে নির্বাচন
কমিশন নিয়েই মূলত আলোচনা শুরু করা দরকার, এমন কথা বলছেন বিশ্লেষকরা৷ তাঁদের মতে, নির্বাচন
কমিশনকে সব বড় রাজনৈতিক দল আস্থায় নিতে না পারলে সুষ্ঠু নির্বাচন বা সব দলের অংশগ্রহনে
কোনো নির্বাচন করা সম্ভব হবে না৷
পর্যবেক্ষকরা বলছেন, নির্বাচনের
আগে সব রাজনৈতিক দলের কাছেই আস্থার পরিবেশ সৃষ্টি করতে হবে৷ বিশেষ করে নির্বাচন কমিশনকে
নিরপেক্ষ হতে হবে৷ তা না হলে ২০১৪ সালের ৫ জানুয়ারির মতোই আরেকটা নির্বাচন হবে, যা
জাতির জন্য কোনো ভালো ফল বয়ে আনবে না৷
গত জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচনের
এক বছর পর ২০১৫ সালের ফেব্রুয়ারিতে বাংলাদেশ ঘুরে গিয়ে ডয়চে ভেলেকে দেয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকারে
ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন (ইইউ)-এর সাংসদ ইওসেফ ভাইডেনহলৎসার বলেছিলেন, ‘‘নতুন একটি নির্বাচন
বাংলাদেশে পরিবর্তন আনতে পারে৷'' ওই বছরের ১৬ থেকে ২০ ফেব্রুয়ারি ঢাকা সফর করে ইউরোপীয়
পার্লামেন্টের মানবাধিকার বিষয়ক সাবকমিটি৷ ওই কমিটি শুধু সরকার নয়, বিরোধী দলের সঙ্গেও
আলোচনা করেছে৷ বাংলাদেশ সফরের সময় ওই সাবকমিটিতে ছিলেন অস্ট্রিয়ার এমপি ইওসেফ ভাইডেনহলৎসার৷
তিনি জানান, বাংলাদেশের প্রধান দুই রাজনৈতিক দল নিজেদের মধ্যে সমঝোতা থেকে বহু দূরে
রয়েছে৷ তবে সঠিক পথে যাওয়ার মতো অবস্থায় এখনো রয়েছে দেশটি৷ তিনি বলেন, সাধারণ মানুষের
মৃত্যুও টলাতে পারছে না প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনা আর বিএনপি নেত্রী খালেদা জিয়ার অবস্থানকে৷
এক প্রশ্নের জবাবে তিনি বলেন, ‘‘দেশটির প্রগতির জন্য আসলে একটি ‘কমপ্রিহেনসিভ কনসেপ্ট'
বা ‘সমন্বিত পরিকল্পনা' প্রয়োজন৷ এ জন্য একটি সমন্বিত, অংশগ্রহণমূলক এবং গণতান্ত্রিক
দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি প্রয়োজন, যা জনগণকে নির্বাচনে অংশ নেয়ার সুযোগ করে দেবে৷ আর একমাত্র সেটা
করা হলেই বাংলাদেশ খুব তাড়াতাড়ি এই চলমান সংকট কাটিয়ে উঠতে পারবে বলে আমার বিশ্বাস৷''
বাংলাদেশের পর্যবেক্ষকদের
বিশ্লেষণও একই রকম৷ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের আন্তর্জাতিক সম্পর্ক বিভাগের অধ্যাপক ড. শাহাদুজ্জামানও
ডয়চে ভেলের সঙ্গে আলাপকালে একই বিষয়ে দৃষ্টিপাত করেছেন৷ তাঁর মতে, ‘‘সবাইকে আস্থায়
নিয়ে একটা নির্বাচনের দিকে এগোতে হবে৷ তার জন্য সবার সঙ্গে আলোচনা করে একটা নির্বাচন
কমিশন গঠন করতে হবে, যাদের প্রতি সবার আস্থা থাকবে৷ তা না হলে ২০১৪ সালের মতোই আরেকটি
নির্বাচন হবে, যা দেশের জন্য ভালো হবে না৷ সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হলো ভালো একটি নির্বাচন
কমিশন গঠন করা৷ আর এই কমিশন গঠনের জন্য আমাদের হাতে কিন্তু বেশি সময় নেই৷ মাত্র পাঁচমাসের
মধ্যেই এটা করতে হবে৷''
দেশে যখন আগামী জাতীয় সংসদ
নিয়ে আলোচনা হচ্ছে, তখন প্রতিবেশী রাষ্ট্র ভারতের আস্থায় আসতে দৌড়ঝাঁপ শুরু করেছেন
জাতীয় পার্টির নেতারা৷ বর্তমানে এই দলটি বিরোধী দলের ভুমিকায় আছে৷ তবে তারা সরকারেও
আছে৷ সর্বশেষ পহেলা আগস্ট জিয়াউদ্দিন আহমেদ বাবলুর নেতৃত্বে সাতজন সংসদ সদস্যের নেতৃত্বে
একটি দল ভারত সফর করে৷ এর আগে ১৮ জুন ভারতে যান দলটির প্রধান হুসেইন মুহাম্মদ এরশাদ৷
তারা সবাই ভারতের রাষ্ট্রপতি, পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী, বিজেপি সাধারণ সম্পাদক, কংগ্রেস সহ-সভাপতিসহ
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ব্যক্তিদের সঙ্গে বৈঠক করেন৷ দেশে আলোচনা হচ্ছে, জাতীয় পার্টির পক্ষে
ভারতের ‘সায়' আনার চেষ্টা করছেন নেতারা৷
২০১৪ সালের ৫ জানুয়ারি জাতীয়
নির্বাচনের ১০ মাস পর নভেম্বরেই ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নের (ইইউ) রাষ্ট্রদূত হিসেবে বাংলাদেশে
যোগ দেন পিয়ের মায়াউদঁ৷ এর এক মাস পর বাংলাদেশ সফর করেন ইইউ-র দক্ষিণ এশিয়া বিষয়ক কমিটির
চেয়ারম্যান জিন ল্যামবার্ট৷ ১০ ডিসেম্বর গুলশানে ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন প্রতিনিধি কার্যালয়ে
আয়োজিত এক সংবাদ সম্মেলনে ল্যামবার্ট বলেন, বাংলাদেশে এখন নতুন কোনো নির্বাচন নয়, আমরা
বেশিরভাগ রাজনৈতিক দলের অংশগ্রহণের মাধ্যমে পরবর্তী নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠানের বিষয়ে সমঝোতা
চাই৷ তিনি বলেন, ‘‘নির্বাচন যখনই হোক না কেন, সেটা যাতে প্রধান প্রধান রাজনৈতিক দলের
অংশগ্রহণে হয় এবং সাধারণ মানুষ যাতে তাদের ভোটাধিকার প্রয়োগ করতে পারেন – সে বিষয়গুলো
নিশ্চিত করতে হবে৷'' রাজনৈতিক দলগুলোকেই এ বিষয়ে ঐকমত্যে আসতে হবে৷ সর্বশেষ নির্বাচনে
অধিকাংশ রাজনৈতিক দল অংশগ্রহণ না করায় পর্যবেক্ষক পাঠায়নি ইইউ, বলেন তিনি৷ ওই সাংবাদিক
সম্মেলনে পিয়ের মায়াউদঁ-ও উপস্থিত ছিলেন৷
জিম ল্যামবার্টের ওই সাংবাদিক
সম্মেলনের পর পৌনে দুই বছর পার হয়েছে৷ কিন্তু পরিস্থিতি একটুও বদালায়নি৷ এমনকি ইইউ'র
সাংসদ ইওসেফ ভাইডেনহলৎসার দেড় বছর আগে ডয়চে ভেলেকে যে কথা বলেছিলেন বর্তমান পরিস্থিতি
তার সঙ্গেও মিলে যায়৷ দুই প্রধান রাজনৈতিক দলের মধ্যে দুরত্ব আরো বরং বেড়েছে৷ ফলে এই
পরিস্থিতিতে কিভাবে সবার অংশগ্রহনে সুষ্ঠু নির্বাচন সম্ভব সেটাই এখন বাংলাদেশের মানুষের
কাছে সবচেয়ে বড় প্রশ্ন৷
Monday, August 22, 2016
India should speak out against rights violations
By Jayanth Jacob, Hindustan Times, New Delhi
India should broaden its ties beyond the ruling party and speak up against rights violations in Bangladesh, the neighbouring country’s main opposition party, the BNP, has said.
The Modi government seemed to be following the UPA’s Bangladesh policy of focusing on the ruling party which amounted to ignoring other outfits, said Amir Khosru Chowdhury, national standing committee member of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
“Prime Minister Narendra Modi had reached out to the BNP leader and it was a very welcome step. But since then, not much has happened that would give us the feeling that the present government in Delhi looks beyond the ruling Awami League,” he said.
The Modi government seemed to be following the UPA’s Bangladesh policy of focusing on the ruling party which amounted to ignoring other outfits, said Amir Khosru Chowdhury, national standing committee member of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
“Prime Minister Narendra Modi had reached out to the BNP leader and it was a very welcome step. But since then, not much has happened that would give us the feeling that the present government in Delhi looks beyond the ruling Awami League,” he said.
Chowdhury is visiting India with BNP’s international affairs secretary Humaiun Kabir to reach out to political parties and think tanks.
The outreach is an effort by [Khaleda] Zia to improve ties with India as suspicion between the two sides grew when she was in power.
New Delhi felt that the BNP government was not sensitive to its security concerns such as insurgents in the Northeast getting help from across the border.
In contrast, India and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League share warm ties. The two countries have built a strong relationship in the years the League has been in power.
The 2014 elections that returned Hasina to power were not fair as most seats went uncontested, the BNP leader said. The press was being muzzled and opposition leaders threatened into submission. “India, the world’s largest democracy, which has built strong democratic institutions, is not even taking a moral position on these human rights violations,” Chowdhury, a former commerce minister, said.
The government was in denial about the presence of the Islamic State to show the opposition parties in a bad light, he said.
“The Islamic State doesn’t mean some Arab fighters on the street. [T]here is enough evidence to suggest their presence,” he said.
A spate of hacking incidents targeting bloggers and activists has been claimed by the Islamic State only to be denied by the Hasina government.
Concern is also growing over the rise of radical elements in Bangladesh and July’s attack on a Dhaka café that left 22 people dead have only added to the worries.
Chowdhury described as tactical his party’s ties with the controversial Jamaat-e-Islami, but insisted they were two different parties with different ideologies.
Sunday, August 21, 2016
Expats Worry About Safety in Bangladesh
Expatriate Healthcare
In September 2015 an Italian aid worked was murdered in Bangladesh. Cesare Tavella was jogging in the capital’s diplomatic quarter when two attackers shot him from behind. Many assumed it was a random attack of violence but the Islamic State group proudly claimed they were responsible for the death.
Fast forward to the 1st July 2016. A group of five Islamic State militants killed 17 foreigners and five Bangladeshis after an 11-hour hostage situation at the Holey Artisan Bakery. Attackers were armed with swords, guns, and crude homemade bombs. 100 Bangladeshi commandos stormed the popular eatery and managed to rescue 13 people.
Bangladesh has seen a dramatic surge in vehement Islamist attacks, in part due to political infighting between Hasina and the opposition leader Khaleda Zia, who boycotted the last election in 2014 and faces charges for corruption and inciting violence. Zia’s husband, the country’s first military ruler, started the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, or BNP, which has called itself the ‘Islamic consciousness’ of the Muslim majority.
For some who had happily emigrated to Bangladesh, this second terrorist attack was too much to bear. Many foreigners have moved home, or relocated to other countries. Samantha Morshed heard the gunfire of both tragedies and, after living in Bangladesh for over a decade, fled to Bangkok. She is returning back to Bangladesh, where she runs a successful business, but is filled with trepidation.
“I know a number of people who left this time,” comments Morshed from Bangkok. “Many of them are not coming back.”
Morshed is just one of a growing number of expats leaving Bangladesh. Those travelling to the country are cancelling travel plans, and events are being postponed out of fear that they may be targeted by Islamic terrorists.
The fear of more attacks on foreigners could potentially cause long-term economic damage to Bangladesh, particularly to the $28 billion garment industry that accounts for 80% of exports. The attacks are making Bangladesh a scary place to do business.
Since the genocide in July, Dhaka’s upscale Gulshan area looks like a neighbourhood at war. Plain clothed police officers roam the streets and many checkpoints have been setup. Restaurants and hotels in the area are practically empty, despite heightened security. Unimart, the largest supermarket in Gulshan with a popular coffee shop, is devoid of expats.
Concerns are warranted. Just one week after the café massacre, five Islamists killed three and injured 14 people at an Eid celebration in central Bangladesh. Just two weeks after that, a police raid stopped and killed nine militants in their tracks; authorities commented that they were preparing for an attack.
“Further high-profile attacks on foreigners throughout the country are likely, whether direct attacks or mass-casualty attacks on ‘soft’ targets, especially given difficulties in preventing such attacks,” said Romita Das, a South Asia analyst at Control Risks.
Saturday, August 20, 2016
রামপাল আন্দোলন কি ভারত বিরোধিতায় মোড় নিচ্ছে?
আকবর হোসেন, বিবিসি বাংলা, ঢাকা
বাংলাদেশে সুন্দরবনের কাছে রামপালে ভারত এবং বাংলাদেশের যৌথ উদ্যোগে যে বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্র নির্মিত হতে যাচ্ছে সেটি বিরুদ্ধে আন্দোলন অনেক দিন ধরেই চলছে। কিন্তু সম্প্রতি এই প্রকল্পের বিরোধিতা করতে গিয়ে ভারত বিরোধিতার মাত্রা জোরালো হচ্ছে। এই প্রকল্পের বিরুদ্ধে রাস্তার আন্দোলন জোরালো না হলেও ফেসবুকে অনেকে নানাভাবে ভারতের সমালোচনায় মুখর।
রামপাল বিদ্যুৎ কেন্দ্রের বিরুদ্ধে প্রথমে আন্দোলন শুরু করে তেল-গ্যাস-বিদ্যুৎ-বন্দর রক্ষা জাতীয় কমিটি নামের একটি বাম ঘরানার সংগঠন। এ সংগঠনটি ঢাকার রাস্তায় বিক্ষোভ এবং রামপাল অভিমুখে ‘রোড মার্চ কর্মসূচী’ করেছে। কিন্তু এসব আয়োজনে মানুষের অংশগ্রহণ ছিল হাতে গোনা। প্রথম দিকে তাদের এই আন্দোলনকে অনেকে তেমন একটা গুরুত্ব দেয়নি।
রাস্তার আন্দোলনে অংশ না নিলেও সাম্প্রতিক মাসগুলোতে অনেকেই ফেসবুকে রামপাল প্রকল্পের বিরুদ্ধে সোচ্চার হয়েছেন। কিন্তু এসব লেখালেখিতে অনেকেই স্পষ্টত ভারত বিরোধিতায় সোচ্চার।
কেন এমন হচ্ছে? রামপাল বিদ্যুৎ প্রকল্প কি বাংলাদেশে ভারত বিরোধিতার প্লাটফর্ম হয়ে উঠছে?
রামপাল প্রকল্প বিরোধী আন্দোলনের অন্যতম পুরোধা ব্যক্তি অধ্যাপক আনু মুহাম্মদ। তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করেছিলাম, তাদের শুরু করা আন্দোলন কি ভারত-বিরোধী প্লাটফর্ম হয়ে উঠছে?
অধ্যাপক আনু মুহাম্মদ মনে করেন, সেরকম যদি কিছু হয়ে থাকে তাহলে বিষয়টির জন্য বাংলাদেশ ও ভারত সরকার দায়ী। তিনি মনে করেন রামপাল প্রকল্প দু’দেশের জন্য একটি ‘চিরস্থায়ী শত্রুতা’ সৃষ্টির মাধ্যম হয়ে দাঁড়াবে। এ বিষয়টিতে অনেকে সুযোগ নিতে পারে বলে তিনি উল্লেখ করেন।
অধ্যাপক আনু মুহাম্মদ বলেন, “ সে কারণেই আমরা বলেছি যে, ভারত-বাংলাদেশের বন্ধুত্ব খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। সে কারণে এমন প্রকল্প নিয়ে ভারতের অগ্রসর হওয়া উচিত না এবং বাংলাদেশেরও সেটা গ্রহণ করা উচিত না – যেটা দু’দেশের মধ্যে স্বাভাবিক সম্পর্ককে ব্যাহত করবে।”
যারা রামপাল প্রকল্প বিরোধী আন্দোলন শুরু করেছিলেন, তাদের যুক্তি ছিল এ প্রকল্প সুন্দরবন ধ্বংস করবে। কিন্তু ধীরে –ধীরে এর সাথে ভারত বিরোধিতার শ্লোগানও যুক্ত করেন অনেকে।
সম্প্রতি ঢাকাস্থ ভারতীয় হাই কমিশনার হর্ষবর্ধন শ্রিংলা ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে গেলে সেখানে কিছু ছাত্র-ছাত্রী তার গাড়ির সামনে নজিরবিহীন বিক্ষোভ করেছে। সেখানে ‘Go back India বা ভারত ফিরে যাও’ এবং সীমান্তে বাংলাদেশীদের হত্যাকাণ্ডের বিরুদ্ধে পোস্টার বহন করা হয়।
ভারত বিরোধিতার এসব শ্লোগান সরকারের প্রতিপক্ষ কিছু রাজনৈতিক দলের মাঠ পর্যায়ের সমর্থকরা সমর্থন করছেন। যদিও মূল রাজনৈতিক দলগুলো এ বিষয়ে একবারেই নীরব।
শনিবার দেশের বিভিন্ন শহীদ মিনারে রামপাল প্রকল্পের বিরুদ্ধে অবস্থান কর্মসূচীর ডাক দিয়েছে ‘তেল-গ্যাস-বিদ্যুৎ-বন্দর রক্ষা জাতীয় কমিটি।’ কিন্তু সেসব সমাবেশে যোগ দেবার জন্য সরকারের প্রতিপক্ষ রাজনৈতিক দলের মাঠ পর্যায়ের সমর্থকরা ফেসবুকে প্রচারণা চালাচ্ছে।
তাহলে বিষয়টি কিসের ইঙ্গিত দিচ্ছে? জিজ্ঞেস করেছিলাম ফারহান শাহরিয়ার পুলককে। যিনি কয়েকদিন আগে ভারতীয় হাই কমিশনারের গাড়ির সামনে বিক্ষোভ করেছেন।
মি: পুলক বলেন, তাদের আন্দোলনের সাথে ভারত বিরোধিতার কোন সম্পর্ক নেই। তারা শুধু সুন্দরবন রক্ষার জন্যই রাস্তায় নেমেছেন।
“হয়তো কিছু-কিছু মানুষ বা কিছু-কিছু রাজনৈতিক দল তাদের স্বার্থের জন্য এসব কিছু ইঙ্গিত দিচ্ছে। কিন্তু আমরা সেটা সমর্থন করিনা,” বলছিলেন মি: পুলক।
রামপাল প্রকল্প নিয়ে বিরোধিতা যেমন আছে, তেমনি এর পক্ষেও মানুষ আছে। এর পক্ষে অনেকেই মনে করেন, এ প্রকল্প বন্ধ করার জন্য অনেকেই উদ্দেশ্যপ্রণোদিত ভাবে ভারত বিরোধিতাকে উসকে দিচ্ছে।
বাংলাদেশের জ্বালানী এবং বিদ্যুৎ খাতের একটি ম্যাগাজিন ‘এনার্জি ও পাওয়ার’ । এর সম্পাদক মোল্লা আমজাদ হোসেন বলেন রামপাল প্রকল্পের বিরুদ্ধে শুরু থেকেই একটি প্রচারণা আছে যে , ভারতীয় অংশে সুন্দরবনের কাছে প্রকল্পটি করতে না পেরে বাংলাদেশে বাস্তবায়ন করা হচ্ছে।
মি: হোসেন বলেন, “ অনেকে মনে করছেন ইন্ডিয়ান গর্ভমেন্ট চাইলেই এটি বন্ধ হয়ে যাবে।যেহেতু বাংলাদেশের সরকারের কাছ থেকে কোন সাড়া পাওয়া যাচ্ছেনা, সেজন্য প্রকল্পের বিরোধিতা কারীরা এটাকে এন্টি ইন্ডিয়ান সেন্টিমেন্ট (ভারত বিরোধী মনোভাব) হিসেবে কাজে লাগানোর চেষ্টা করছে।”
বাংলাদেশের রাজনীতিতে ভারত সবসময় একটি স্পর্শকাতর বিষয়। বর্তমান আওয়ামী লীগ সরকারের প্রতি ভারতের অকুণ্ঠ সমর্থন প্রকাশ্য।
ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের অধ্যাপক এবং রাজনৈতিক বিশ্লেষক আসিফ নজরুল মনে করেন রামপাল প্রকল্পকে কেন্দ্র করে ভারতের যে সমালোচনা করা হচ্ছে, তার সাথে ভারত-বিরোধিতার কোন সম্পর্ক নেই।
তিনি বলেন যারা এ প্রকল্পের বিরোধিতায় নেতৃত্ব দিচ্ছেন, তাদের অনেকেই ভারত ও সরকারের ঘনিষ্ঠ হিসেবে পরিচিত।
অধ্যাপক নজরুল বলেন, “ বর্তমান সরকারের সাথে ভারতে এমন একটি সম্পর্ক, বহু মানুষ বিশ্বাস করে, ভারতের পক্ষে বর্তমান সরকারকে কনভিন্স কের এমন কিছু করা সম্ভব যেটা অন্য কোন দেশের পক্ষে সম্ভব নয়।”
অধ্যাপক নজরুলের বর্ণনায়, অনেকে মনে করেন এ প্রকল্পটি বাংলাদেশের ইচ্ছায় হচ্ছে না। কেউ-কেউ এমনও ভাবেন, এটা হয়তো ভারতের চাপে বা ভারত কর্তৃক প্রভাবিত হয়ে এ প্রকল্প নেয়া হয়েছে।
এ প্রকল্পের সাথে পৃথিবীর অন্য যে কোন দেশ জড়িত থাকলে সে দেশ বিরোধী একটি সেন্টিমেন্টও বাংলাদেশে গড়ে উঠতো বলে অধ্যাপক নজরুল উল্লেখ করেন।
Wednesday, August 17, 2016
British journalist 'could die within months'
By Harriet Agerholm / The Independent, UK
An 81-year-old British journalist may die in a Bangladeshi jail before he has even been sentenced, his family have said.
Shafik Rehman's son Shumit told The Independent he did not expect his father to live to "see the year out".
The British-Bangladeshi journalist is accused of plotting to murder the son of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, a crime that carries the death penalty.
Despite not yet being charged with any offence, he has now been detained for four months.
A well-known former BBC journalist and talk-show host, Mr Rehman is the third pro-opposition editor to be arrested in Bangladesh since 2013.
Both Mr Rehman and his wife were becoming physically ill because of the stress of his detention, Shumit said.
“Quite honestly, I’m not sure if either of them will see the year out," he said.
Mr Rehman has been receiving hospital treatment for chest pains since entering jail and is diabetic.
When Mr Rehman was first detained he was “sprightly”, according to his son, but after a month of interrogation he needed a wheelchair. After four months of jail, Mr Rehman could only walk while holding onto someone, his son said. He feared his father may suffer a "natural death" in prison if he was not released soon.
Mr Rehman’s 82-year-old wife is the only person allowed to see him, according to Shumit, and he is not allowed any telephone contact.
Appointments for Mr Rehman's bail hearing have previously been cancelled. The family say they have now been told there will be a hearing at the end of the month but have not been given a date.
“Sentencing is a long way off," Shumit said, before likening his father's situation to that of people held without charge at the infamous US-run detention centre in Cuba.
"The whole thing is a bit Guantanamo Bay," he said.
“It’s much easier never to charge him and just hold him in jail.”
Maya Foa, director of the death penalty team at Reprieve, a charity that has been working to free Mr Rehman, told The Independent: “Shafik Rehman has been put through a litany of injustices as ‘punishment’ for his journalism and his criticism of the government.
"First arrested by plainclothes officers posing as a TV crew, he’s since been held in such terrible conditions that he needs hospital treatment.
"Now the authorities seem intent on dragging out his detention for as long as possible, while they threaten him with charges that carry a potential death sentence.
"Given that Shafik is 81 and in poor health, this ongoing ordeal puts him in grave danger. The UK Government must urgently demand that Bangladesh release this British grandfather on bail – before it’s too late.”
Reprieve wrote to the Foreign Secretary, Boris Johnson, urging him to support Mr Rehman's application for bail, but has yet to receive a reply.
In response to Mr Rehman's sustained imprisonment, a Foreign Office spokesperson said: “Our staff are continuing to provide consular assistance in this case, and will remain in contact with the family and local authorities.”
Thursday, August 11, 2016
Indian coal dream a nightmare for Bangladesh
Greig Aitken, BankTrack
Last month's signing of the contract to build the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh, just a few miles from the edge of the world's largest mangrove forest, has re-triggered concerns both domestically and internationally about the controversial 1320 megawatt power project.
Late July saw clashes in the streets of Dhakabetween
demonstrators intent on taking their demands to scrap the Rampal project direct
to the office of Bangladesh's prime minister andpolice deploying batons and
tear gas canisters. Local media reported the arrest of six protestors and the
hospitalisation of 16 other participants as a result of the police operation,
which prevented the ‘Save Sundarbans' demonstration from reaching its planned
destination. Eyewitness accounts put the number of injured participants as high
as 50.
Indian groups who also reject the project (see a new video
presenting joint Bangladeshi-Indian civil society resistance to Rampal)
condemned what they described as the use of "brute force" by the
police against a "peaceful protest march", and issued a statement of
solidarity which further called on the Bangladesh government to "stop
using all undemocratic means to deal with legitimate people's protests."
Just two weeks prior, however, the official ‘mood music'
emanating from a Dhaka hotel about the project might as well have come from
another planet. At a ceremony to mark the signing of the engineering,
procurement and construction contract awarded to Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd
(BHEL), India's largest engineering and manufacturing company, Ujjwal Kanti
Bhattacharya, managing director of Bangladesh-India Friendship Power Company
Limited (BIFPCL), the joint venture company undertaking the Rampal
plant,commented to journalists that "We respect the concern of the people
of Bangladesh, we are set to maintain the maximum environmental standards for
the plant".As tends to be the hallmark of such moments in the laboured development of controversial fossil fuel projects such as Rampal, the assembled officials had come to gush. With co-operation between Bangladesh and India being flagged relentlessly, the principal secretary to Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina let it be known that Rampal has been ‘a dream project' of the two countries' leaders, and promised "all sorts of cooperation will be provided to [BHEL] except time extension." BHEL now has until July 2019 to have the power plant installed and ready for operations.
Scrutiny of the construction contract does indeed suggest
that the Indian giant BHEL is on the receiving end of an awful lot of ‘co-operation'. Yet when viewed alongside
other emerging project details that are now raining down as part of the
official PR monsoon, it's becoming ever more apparent that if Rampal is a
‘dream project' for India, then as currently conceived it stands to become a
nightmare for Bangladesh.
‘Sweeteners'
BHEL won the tender for the $1.49 billion construction
contract at the beginning of this year but the official signing of the deal
dragged on to July due to, as local media sources have pointed out, the company
holding out for "extra sweeteners" from the Bangladesh government
including exemptions from taxes and duties as well as from the mandatory
insurance process. In what could be a worrying precedent for Bangladesh's state
coffers when the involvement of Indian companies is sought for major
infrastructure projects, it's also been reported that it took a personal
intervention from Prime Minister Sheikk Hasina in April to settle the tax
waiver in BHEL's favour.
Meanwhile, in another clear sign that Delhi is running the
Rampal show and putting Indian interests first, negotiations are reportedly
under way between the project promoters and Coal India on the supply of 4
million tonnes of Indian coal per year to fuel the plant.
If this materialises, then it would undermine some of the
baseline calculations - on emissions and pollution - included in the project's
already highly questionableenvironmental impact assessment (EIA), in which
scenarios have been based on coal supplies originating from Australia,
Indonesia or South Africa.
Indian coal is generally reckoned to be of a lower grade
than coal from the other countries referred to in the EIA, but the potential
impacts remain vague since precise details on sulphur and ash content are
unknown. The mounting coal glut in India may, however, have an even bigger
long-term outlet near the Sundarbans - as the controversy over the currently proposed
plant rages, an often overlooked detail in the EIA is the alarming proposal to
build a second 1320 megawatt coal plant adjacent to the first "in the
future".Some state (of the art)
Yet, insist Rampal proponents, the coal plant will involve
the world's most efficient and environment-friendly technology. ‘Modern
ultra-Super Thermal Technology' is touted by BIFPCL, but the company's
construction tender document does not require state of the art pollution
control technologies.
For example, the technology required at Rampal will emit
nearly 30% more sulphur dioxide than truly state of the art technology.
Similarly, the outdated technology required at the proposed coal plant can
remove roughly 96% of fine particulate matter, but state of the art technology
can remove 99%. Three percent might not seem like a lot, but when it comes to
extremely toxic, long-lasting and widely dispersing heavy metals such as
mercury emitted over the 60 year life of a coal plant, it matters.
Shockingly too there are no technologies required at Rampal
to specifically eliminate harmful emissions of mercury, nitrogen oxides,
nickel, chromium, arsenic, antimony, cadmium or cobalt, though widely available
technologies exist to do so. Finally, toxic unburned coal particles from the
massive coal piles and transfer points will enter the Passur River and
Sundarbans ecosystem on a daily basis, as the tender documents require only
ineffective water sprays on coal piles, and optional enclosure of stockpiles
and transfer points.
And of the many question marks still hanging over the
project's EIA considerations - including air pollution, direct impacts on water
resources including heavy coal transportation traffic through the network of
sensitive Sundarbans waterways and cumulative ecosystem impacts - poor planning
for the disposal of 0.94 million tons of toxic coal ash per year is just one
aspect of the project design attracting increased expert scepticism and
concern.
The proposed disposal of ash by lagooning and uncontained
‘land development' poses huge environmental risks in an area minimally above
sea level, prone to seasonal flooding, typhoon-driven storm surges, tsunamis,
and subject to - as the EIA does at least acknowledge - large seismic events up
to 7.0 on the Richter scale.
Escalating PR offensive
While many of the EIA's assumptions have been heavily
criticised, it does at least admit to the possibility of project impacts
arising: "dredging activities," it concedes for example, "may
have impacts on river water quality." Any such precautionary language
about the Rampal project, however, seems to have gone out the window as part of
the promoters' escalating PR offensive.
On July 19, the day after a major splash in the Washington
Post ("A new power plant could devastate the world's largest mangrove
forest") increased international awareness of the long list of problems
that Rampal is stacking up for the Sundarbans and its inhabitants, BIFPCL's
Public Relations Manager Anwarul Azim hit back with a stunning run-through of positive
bullet points about the project, leading him to the flourishing conclusion that
the "Rampal Power Plant will not damage rather it will preserve the
Sunderbans (sic)".Before getting stuck into his version of project details, Azim points to energy generation from coal statistics from around the world (including USA 40%, Germany 41%, China 79%) and contrasts with Bangladesh's current 2.05% figure. No mention is made of international agreements to curb emissions, of efforts now materialising in these countries to drastically cut coal power emissions due to public health and climate crises, or of the rapid scaling up of renewable energy around the world. Yet Azim writes, "In order to accelerate the economic development of the country, it is the demand of time to increase the production of coal-based electricity at the present moment."
This narrow ‘demand of time' narrative also fails to mention
the rapidly encroaching effects of climate change which Bangladesh, one of the
most vulnerable countries on earth, is staring in the face, nor does it
acknowledge Bangladesh's burgeoning solar power industry, with over 65,000
solar home systems being installed every month, making it the largest and
fastest growing off-grid program in the world.
Nor is Azim detained by perhaps the easiest to grasp time
calculation when it comes to clean versus dirty power generation: solar plants
can be set up in slightly over a year, as opposed to the four to five years
that coal plants take, thereby providing electricity very quickly to people who
desperately need it, as in Bangladesh.Just one example bullet point from the article illustrates the kind of glossing of project impacts that is now going on as the project promoters seek to navigate what could be their final, crucial administrative hurdle - clearance from Bangladesh's Ministry of Environment and Forest.
"A negligible amount of water (0.05% of the lean period
flow) of [the Passur] River will be used," Azim writes. Yet the project's
EIA acknowledges that water use at the plant will reduce the downstream flow of
the Passur River by 4 million litres an hour, or 35 billion litres each year,
which Bangladeshi NGOs point out is considerable in an ecosystem already
stressed by increasing salinity and reduced freshwater flow from upstream
diversions. The same river, one of the Sundarbans' key waterways, suffered the
latest sinking of a large coal cargo vessel in March this year.
Project finance will involve reputational risk
Waiting in the wings too is India's Exim Bank, currently
considering a $1.6 billion loan for the Rampal plant construction even if this
will involve taking a ‘reputation risk', as the bank's head recently admitted.
Over 135,000 people and 100 civil society groups have so far petitioned the
head of India's Exim Bank not to finance the Rampal project.
Informed speculation suggests that Exim will only bankroll
the project if agreement on the supply of Indian coal is reached. There are
many reasons why, following global pressure from civil society, none of the
other major international banks - which are still not averse to financing coal
projects especially in the developing world - are prepared to touch Rampal.
Civil society groups in Bangladesh are also taking their
concerns to the international stage. Last month 53 Bangladeshi groups, under
the umbrella group National Committee to Save the Sundarbans, reiterated their
concerns about Rampal to the United Nations's World Heritage Committee and
IUCN. Over 50,000 people from around the world supported their petition.
Reputations, facts and one of the world's most prized
natural assets are at the mercy of Indian coal dreams, and the Bangladesh
government's capitulation is set to unleash a nightmare on its people and
environment. The international community needs to stand with the resistance
movement in Bangladesh and demand that India's Exim Bank abandons its financing
plans for the construction of the reckless Rampal coal plant.
Action: Ask
India's Exim to drop its financing plans for the Rampal construction.
Greig Aitken is a coal campaigner with BankTrack, a
Netherlands-based campaign group tracking the operations and investments of
private sector banks and their effect on people and the planet.
International Religious Freedom Report for 2015
US Department of State; Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
BANGLADESH:
Government Practices
There were media reports that the government instructed imams to limit their sermons to religious topics. The large majority of mosques, however, were independent of the state and, according to media and religious leaders, the government generally did not dictate sermon content or select or pay clergy. In state-approved mosques, including the national mosque, the government could appoint and remove imams, and therefore had indirect influence over sermon content. Religious community leaders said that imams at both types of mosques usually avoided sermons that contradicted government policy. There were government-run training academies for imams.
There were reports local authorities and communities, and sometimes the central government, restricted groups they perceived were trying to convert persons to other religions from Islam. In February the government froze the funds of the international NGO Compassion International after locals stated the NGO’s child-sponsorship centers were converting Muslim children to Christianity. In September a Supreme Court panel ordered the release of the NGO’s funds.
Religious minorities said de facto discrimination existed in the form of matriculation exam questions that drew from the majority religion. They also said, because of a lack of minority teachers for mandatory religious education classes, minority students sometimes could not enroll in religion classes of their faith. In these cases, school officials generally allowed for arrangements with local religious institutions, parents, or others to hold religious studies classes for such students outside of school hours and sometimes exempted the students from the religious education requirement.
Religious minority communities (who were often also ethnic minorities), especially Hindus, reported land ownership disputes that disproportionately displaced them. Religious associations said such disputes often occurred in areas near new roads or industrial development zones, where land prices had recently increased. They also stated local police, civil authorities, and political leaders sometimes enabled property appropriation for financial gain or shielded politically influential property appropriators from prosecution. Some human rights groups attributed the lack of resolution of these disputes to the ineffectiveness of the judicial and land registry systems and to the lack of political and financial clout of the targeted communities, rather than to government policy disfavoring religious or ethnic minorities. In August local authorities returned 14 Hindu families to their land in Barguna. Media reported a local politician and his accomplices had driven the families from their land over the preceding three years using attacks and intimidation.
The government again did not adjudicate any of the more than one million pending cases involving land seized from Hindus before the nation’s independence on grounds that the owners were enemies of the state. The cases have remained pending since a 2011 law allowed the prior owners of the land to appeal the seizures.
The government continued to provide law enforcement personnel at religious sites, festivals, and events considered targets for violence. The government also provided additional security at the Hindu festival of Durga Puja, Christmas, Easter, the Buddhist festival of Buddha Purnima, and the Bengali New Year or Pohela Boishakh.
The Ministry of Religious Affairs continued to administer the Islamic Foundation, which carried out activities in support of Islamic principles and values. The Islamic Foundation received 3.5 billion taka ($44.3 million) during the year from a line item in the government budget. The government also supported three trusts intended to benefit minority religious groups: the Hindu Welfare Trust (with assets of 205 million taka, $2.6 million), the Christian Religious Welfare Trust (assets of 50 million taka, $633,000), and the Buddhist Welfare Trust (assets of 70 million taka, $886,000). The three trusts are managed by trustees who are members of their respective religious communities and used interest from their assets to fund temple, church, and monastery development and repairs. In addition, the Hindu Welfare Trust received 50,000 taka ($633) from the government for payment of staff salaries. It also received 15 million taka ($191,000) from parliament from the revenue budget for temple development and a 10 million taka ($127,000) donation from the prime minister to celebrate puja. The Buddhist Welfare Trust received 50,000 taka ($633) from the government to celebrate puja. The Christian Religious Welfare Trust did not receive additional funds from the government. Minority religious leaders continued to state the government did not fund the trusts on an equal basis with the Islamic Foundation. They reported the foundation received yearly allocations of funds from the state budget, while the trusts had to rely on income generated from government contributions to their capital funds.
In January the government appointed the Supreme Court’s
first Hindu chief justice.
In June the state news agency marked the anniversary of the
2001 bomb attack at the Catholic church of Baniarchar, which killed 10 people
and injured more than 20, with an article decrying the lack of resolution in
the criminal cases against the bombers.
In August former Information Technology and Communications
Minister Latif Siddique resigned his seat in parliament. He was arrested and
his party expelled him in 2014 for public remarks he made in New York
criticizing the Hajj and the Bishwa Ijtema (an annual national Muslim event).
Siddique was released on bail in June; he faced charges of insulting the
religious sentiment of Muslims.
The president hosted receptions to commemorate each of the
principal Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian holidays.
Section III. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom
In six separate incidents occurring between February 26 and
October 31, attackers killed five secularist or purportedly anti-Islamic
writers and publishers and injured three others. The dead included four
bloggers – Avijit Roy, Washiqur Rahman, Ananta Bijoy Das, and Niladri
Chatterjee Niloy – and Faisal Arefin Dipan, a publisher of Roy’s nonblog work.
Various groups purporting affiliation with AQIS claimed responsibility for the
attacks and published lists of other bloggers and intellectuals as future
targets. In October the government-banned group Ansarullah Bangla Team sent a
letter to media outlets warning them against publishing “antijihadi” reports,
employing women, depicting women who were not covered, or committing other acts
the letter’s authors considered contrary to sharia. The government made several
arrests related to the attacks. Government officials, including Prime Minister
Sheikh Hasina Wazed and Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, made public
comments expressing a commitment to the safety of all citizens. The prime
minister was quoted in the press as saying, “We’ll not allow any bloodshed in
secular Bangladesh in the name of religion.” The home minister and and
Inspector General of Police A.K.M. Shahidul Haq were also quoted in the press,
however, calling on bloggers and others to refrain from writings that could
hurt the religious sentiment of others and adding that violators would be
subject to prosecution. Opposition parties – including the main Islamist party,
Jamaat-e-Islami – issued statements condemning the attacks. Bloggers and
activists said many stopped writing at all or publicly criticizing religious
beliefs due to the attacks.
On October 24, a bomb attack on a Shia Ashura celebration
killed two and injured scores more. Media and civil society widely condemned
the attack. A for-profit terrorist-tracking group, SITE Intelligence, reported
Da’esh claimed responsibility for the attack. Through affiliated media, Da’esh
also claimed responsibility for the November 8 shooting of a Bahai community
leader in Rangpur and the November 18 shooting of an Italian priest in Dinajpur
– neither fatal – and the November 11 killing of Rahmat Ali at a Sufi shrine in
Rangpur. The same group claimed responsibility for a November 26 attack on a
Shia Mosque in Bogra that killed one and injured three and a December 25 attack
on an Ahmadiyya mosque in Rajshahi that injured 12 and left one attacker dead.
Da’esh said all attacks were motivated by the victims’ religion.
There were violent attacks on local religious figures,
although motives were not always clear. In September assailants killed three
men at two Sufi shrines in Chittagong. In October three men tried to slit the
throat of a pastor in Pabna, and attackers shot and killed the leader of an
Islamic shrine near Dhaka. In November men armed with knives killed one
caretaker and critically injured another in separate attacks on two Rangpur
shrines to Islamic saints.
According to the human rights NGO Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK),
attacks targeting Hindus or their property during the year injured 60 persons,
compared to 255 in 2014; destroyed 213 statues, monasteries, or temples,
compared to 247 in 2014; and destroyed 104 homes and 6 businesses, compared to
761 homes and 193 businesses in 2014. ASK did not provide examples of specific
attacks. The motivation for these incidents was often unclear.
In December the Associated Press reported 10 people were
injured after attackers threw three bombs at a Hindu temple during a drama
performance.
In the CHT, NGOs said tensions over issues not originally
religious in nature, particularly land ownership, sometimes continued to
acquire religious overtones due to strains between members of the majority
Muslim community and Buddhist, Hindu, or Christian members of tribal groups.
According to rights groups, tensions along both religious and ethnic lines
continued to run high in the CHT. Some stated Bengali Muslim settlers continued
to spread false rumors that communities wanted to form an autonomous Christian
state, resulting in police and military monitoring of Christian workers’
activities.
Muslim religious leaders in villages sometimes made
declarations they described as fatwas. The media reported instances where such
declarations resulted in extrajudicial punishments such as floggings or
ostracism for perceived moral transgressions.
Some members of religious minorities continued to report
discrimination in employment and housing; for example, Christians reported some
Muslim landlords refused to rent apartments to them.
When a national cricket team member posted greetings on his Facebook page in October on the occasion of the Hindu festival of Durga Puja, some users posted abusive comments criticizing his Hindu religious beliefs. Other commenters defended the cricketer’s right to freedom of religion and speech.
The U.S. Ambassador and embassy staff met with officials
from the Office of the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the
Ministry of Home Affairs as well as local government representatives to address
specific religious freedom cases, express concern about respecting the rights
and viewpoints of members of religious minorities, and stress the importance of
protecting religious minorities. The Ambassador and other embassy officials
publicly condemned attacks on members of religious minorities and called on the
government to bring those responsible to justice. The embassy made similar points,
particularly stressing, through social media, U.S. support for those targeted
by religiously motivated violence and raising specific cases in discussions
with the media, civil society members, NGOs, and local religious leaders. For
example, embassy officials met with representatives from the Saadi Foundation
(a nonpolitical Islamic organization), the Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian
Unity Council, the Bangladesh Christian Association, Hindu Mohajote, the
International Society for Krishna Consciousness – Bangladesh, the Christian
Religious Welfare Trust, the apostolic nuncio, the Asian Conference of Religion
and Peace Central Committee, and Ahmdiya Muslim Jamaat (Bangladesh). As part of
community policing training, the embassy encouraged law enforcement officials
to protect the rights of members of minority religious groups.
When a national cricket team member posted greetings on his Facebook page in October on the occasion of the Hindu festival of Durga Puja, some users posted abusive comments criticizing his Hindu religious beliefs. Other commenters defended the cricketer’s right to freedom of religion and speech.
Section IV. U.S. Government Policy
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