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Saturday, June 18, 2016

President Ziaur Rahman: A closer look

 Mahdin Choudhury / The Financial Express

President Zia of Bangladesh: A Political Biography
By Mahfuz Ullah Published by Adorn Publication, Dhaka,

February, 2016  670 pages


Not many books have been written on the life of President Ziaur Rahman, hence Mahfuz Ullah's initiative to unfold his life-story definitely calls for attention of all sections of readers. Information available on the web and books on him basically provide a brief heroic account of what Zia did in 1971, but his life before and after 1971 is still not known to many.

The author of the book, Mahfuz Ullah, is an eminent journalist who is well-known for his involvement in left movement and his role in the Liberation War of Bangladesh. As a journalist he has witnessed the rise of Ziaur Rahman from close and this opportunity placed him in a position to sketch the life of the leader thoroughly with authentic references.

President Zia was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth, but in an enlightened and educated family where no one of his generation was left uneducated. The description of the author of Zia's early life confirms the fact that the late President was a tough, reserved and thoughtful person; and these qualities have always distinguished him from others. The influence of military profession on Zia's later political career is also a highlight of the book. As a president, Ziaur Rahman neutralised many military coups plotted against him. The factual details of these events have not been narrated in the book in detail by the author except the one which ultimately took his life.

The author has efficiently analysed Zia's transformation from a soldier to President of Bangladesh. His role was crucial to restoring democracy in Bangladesh through establishing multi-party democracy,  strengthening the state institutions, and restoring nationalism in the heart of common Bangladeshis. The author narrates how Ziaur Rahman became an iconic leader, winning friends in the Muslim world who were once hesitant to recognise Bangladesh let alone lending us their helping hand.

Ziaur Rahman's political philosophy of Bangladeshi nationalism is excellently described in the book. The late President wanted to give this country a true identity and it is inclusive of all races, ethnic groups and religions. Such philosophy of Bangladeshi nationalism is not beyond criticism, but it was passionately embraced by an overwhelming majority of ordinary Bangladeshi citizens.

Ziaur Rahman's success as a statesman was mostly due to the principles he had adopted for economic development. He abolished the socialist economic policies and established his own idea of self-reliance, rural development, decentralisation, free market and population control.  These steps witnessed immediate successes during his tenure. There was major growth in agriculture, export, industrialisation and women's empowerment in that period, and the author has rightly spent enough words describing these successes in the light of available statistical data.

Ziaur Rahman arguably moved away from the blocs which Bangladesh initially belonged to, but he succeeded in developing relations with the Western world and the Middle East. He also made a settlement with Indian leaders on the sharing of the waters of the Ganges. His role was pivotal in establishing the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) to bolster economic and political cooperation between the countries of South Asia. The author successfully narrates Zia's own perception of foreign policy: to consolidate and safeguard independence and sovereignty, to develop friendly bilateral, regional and international cooperation with a view to accelerating the process of political and social development of the country and to cooperate with the international community in promoting the cause of peace, freedom and progress.

The author has hardly attempted to compare leader Ziaur Rahman's success with any others. Records say that as a President he was out of the capital for more than 15 days a month to personally know the problems of the masses and to come out with a practical solution so that his countrymen could sleep happily. Such passion and enthusiasm for the development of the country is unparalleled. A comment by William Milam, former US ambassador to Bangladesh, which has been quoted in the book, deserves mention: "It is hard to imagine what would have happened to Bangladesh had Ziaur Rahman been assassinated in 1975 instead of 1981. A failed state on the model of the Afghanistan or Liberia might well have resulted. Zia saved Bangladesh from that fate. He did so with method, that were, at first, anything but democratic, though never as harsh as some other authoritarian military regimes."

The author lastly provides a comprehensive portrayal of the killing of Ziaur Rahman and the aftermath. The attendance in his janaza showed the love and affection of the people of the country for their 45-year-old President. Reactions of the international community after his untimely death are also described in the book. These are unknown to the youths of this generation. Egypt, Maldives and Cuba announced three-day mourning, while Nepal a two-day national mourning for Ziaur Rahman. A number of condolence messages from the leaders of different blocs are quoted by the author.  

In course of writing this book, Mahfuz Ullah has interviewed as many as 52 persons to understand their views about President Ziaur Rahman, his personal life, work method and passion for establishing Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). He has referred to 105 publications in the last part of the book as bibliography.

The book summarises the chronological events in Ziaur Rahman's life. This, in short, tells the whole life-story of this great statesman. The author has also included in his narrative the text of some speeches of President Ziaur Rahman for the curious readers. The book finally appears to be truly instrumental to objectively understanding the political life of Ziaur Rahman, and his contribution to Bangladesh. The book is a must-read for the younger generations who are interested in the politics of Bangladesh.

- The writer is a Barrister-at-Law, and Advocate, Supreme Court of Bangladesh.

Questions Rise Over Bangladesh Crackdown


By Katy Daigle, Associated Press
NEW DELHI — Jun 17, 2016

Within six days of announcing a crackdown on Islamist militants, Bangladesh had filled its jailhouses with 11,600 new detainees in what seemed like an astonishing display of law enforcement might. The problem is, less than 2 percent of those picked up are suspected radicals, and not one is considered to be a high-level operative.

The rest? Most are accused of petty crimes such as theft, burglary or small-time drug smuggling. At least 2,000 are members of the main opposition party, according to its spokesman, while others were believed to belong to a key ally of that party.

Analysts, rights groups and opponents of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's secular government now question the crackdown. Was it truly an effort to stop a series of brazen, deadly attacks by Muslim extremists on various minorities, or an attempt to gain political advantage from the fear the killings have generated at home and abroad?

Lisa Curtis, an expert on South Asia at the Heritage Foundation think tank in Washington, D.C., said a crackdown on extremists was needed. But given that only 177 of the thousands detained are actually suspected of radical militancy, according to police, she said that the dragnet will begin to look more like a tool to pressure the political opposition rather than a serious effort to stop the attacks.

The law enforcement campaign could actually deepen the divide between the secular government's supporters and those longing for Islamic rule, possibly even encouraging militants, analysts said.

"The current political deadlock in the country is opening the door for Islamist extremists to gain more recruits and influence, and will make it difficult for the Bangladeshi government to build a national consensus against the extremists," Curtis said.

Bangladesh, in addressing the criticism over the crackdown, pledged to refocus its security efforts against suspected militants blamed for the killings of nearly two dozen atheist writers, publishers, religious minorities, social activists and foreign aid workers since 2013. Many of those deaths have occurred in recent months.

The so-called "machete attacks" have terrified the country's minorities and triggered alarm in the United States and Europe, where some governments have begun offering asylum to those at risk. In most of the killings, a group of young men cut their victims down with meat cleavers and machetes before fleeing the scene.

Detained Bangladeshis in a police van prison van as they are taken to the Dhaka Magistracy in Dhaka.

While most of the attacks have been claimed by either the Islamic State or groups affiliated with al-Qaida, the government denies the presence of either transnational jihadi group in Bangladesh.

Instead, Hasina's government accuses local terrorists and Islamist political parties ? especially the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and its ally Jamaat-e-Islami ? of orchestrating the violence in order to destabilize the nation. The two parties deny any involvement.

Hasina announced the crackdown last week, after the wife of a police superintendent was shot and stabbed to death. The victim had been an ardent campaigner against militants, and many within the country's establishment were stunned by the attack on someone they had considered as one of their own.

Yet police now say the crackdown was never meant to target only radicals, but was also aimed at arresting people accused of trading in narcotics and firearms. While that "special drive" was carried out in tandem with the anti-militancy campaign, it was never communicated to the media until it was over, police spokesman Kamrul Ahsan said.

Human Rights Watch said in a statement Friday that while Bangladesh should be stepping up its anti-militancy efforts, it "should immediately stop arbitrarily arresting people without proper evidence of crime" and release those who are not charged.

The group's Asia director, Brad Adams, accused the government of trying to make up for "a slow and complacent response" to the militant attacks by "falling back on old habits of rounding up the 'usual suspects' instead of doing the hard work of carrying out proper investigations."

Most of the detainees were still in custody on Friday, with their families and friends crowding into police stations, court houses and jails in an effort to pay bail or in some other way secure their loved ones' release. According to local media, that has included bribing the police.

Those rounded up this week included two suspects who, under questioning, revealed the identity of a man wanted in an October attack against a publisher, police said Thursday. That suspect, they said, could help authorities apprehend more suspects wanted for the separate killing of another publisher on the same day.

Still, most attack suspects remain at large. Authorities have yet to explain why the investigations have been so difficult even as they insist they know who is behind them.

The U.S. State Department's South and Central Asia bureau this week repeated its support for helping Bangladesh root out Islamist militancy, while also advising transparency in its investigations and "respect for fair trials and other protections envisioned by domestic and international law."

Analysts suggested the crackdown was also likely aimed at placating international concerns about security in the country.

"For a long time, Bangladeshi officials have tended to lump together political opponents and criminal adversaries. We may be seeing some recognition that a more professional approach is needed," said Jonah Blank, senior political scientist and expert on South Asia at Rand Corp. in Washington, D.C.

A former police chief who served when the opposition was in power suggested the crackdown was designed to cover up the deterioration of law and order.

"Police wanted to show the countrymen and the international community that they have engaged all its strength to arrest the killers and stop the attacks," said Nur Mohammad, who served three years as the police inspector general from 2007, when a caretaker government was in office.

"Usually, such drives are launched without any groundwork and thus large number of innocent people are nabbed and harassed," he said.

BNP officials say Hasina is blaming them for the attacks to divert attention from her loss of control over security. It also accuses her of cracking down on political opponents to prevent challenges to her mandate. Hasina's Awami League party easily won the 2014 elections, which opposition parties boycotted, alleging unfair conditions.

"Hasina is playing a dangerous game," said BNP's London-based spokesman Humaiun Kobir. "She is using the crackdown to kill off democratic opposition," and could end up clearing the way for militants to mount their own political challenge.

"We think extremists are now trying to come in on the back of democracy," sensing an opportunity among critics who feel the country isn't working, Kobir said.

Friday, June 17, 2016

A spate of assassinations provokes a heavy-handed response

 Round up the usual suspects

Jun 18th 2016 | From the print edition / The Economist
 


OVER the past three years, Islamist terrorists have killed more than 40 people in Bangladesh, usually by hacking them to death with machetes. The victims had offended their murderers by being gay, non-Muslim or critical of Islamist parties. The government has done shamefully little to end the carnage.


However, a recent murder seems to have shocked it into action. On June 5th the wife of a police officer investigating a militant group was hacked and shot dead in front of her six-year-old son. Five days later Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister, promised to catch “each and every killer” and accused the main opposition party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), and its Islamist ally, Jamaat-e-Islami, of orchestrating the murders. A wave of arrests followed. By the time The Economist went to press more than 11,000 people had been rounded up.

In Dhaka theories about the “real reason” the government sprang into action abound. Some cite self-preservation: in May anonymous jihadists published a hit list that included not just secular bloggers and Hindu intellectuals but also the state telecoms minister and one of Sheikh Hasina’s closest aides, whose close ties to India led militants to brand him the “anti-Islam adviser”.


Some believe Sheikh Hasina ordered the arrests to please foreign governments that have complained about Bangladesh’s reluctance to pursue the assassins. Still others see the arrests as a sop to the police, who have been given a lucrative opportunity: the average bribe to spring someone after an arrest is between 8,000 and 20,000 taka ($102-255), while up to 100,000 taka can be extracted from a Jamaat activist. The average policeman’s salary is just $250 a month.


Sticking to the script

The arrests are politically convenient. BNP members say that this week’s dragnet caught more than 2,100 of its activists. The ongoing trial on corruption charges of the party leader, Khaleda Zia, who has twice served as prime minister, has left the BNP reeling. Many believe the government wanted to scoop up what was left of the enfeebled opposition before a verdict in Mrs Zia’s trial, expected in the coming months. Most expect her to be convicted and possibly jailed; many are furious.


A Bangladeshi official says the rising death toll and broadening range of targets made the crackdown “an absolute necessity”. On June 7th a Hindu priest was found dead, nearly beheaded, in south-western Bangladesh, just weeks after an elderly Buddhist monk was hacked to death in the country’s south-east. But in private, senior police officers complain that mass arrests are no substitute for proper investigation.


Of the thousands arrested, only a few hundred at most are believed to be members of militant groups. Few high-ranking figures from Jama’atul Mujahideen Bangladesh or Ansarullah Bangla Team—the two outfits that have claimed most of the murders—have been arrested. Perhaps the police do not know who the leaders are, or where they are hiding. But some Bangladeshis speculate that they are deliberately leaving them alone. Hefazat-e-Islam, a fundamentalist group, has staged huge rallies calling for the murder of atheist bloggers. One of its followers was arrested for the killing of one such blogger, Washiqur Rahman. Yet Mufti Fayezullah, a Hefazat leader, says its activists were not targeted in the crackdown.


Nobody seriously suggests that the government is in league with the terrorists. But it has been slow to deal with the threat, long denying that al-Qaeda and Islamic State were active in Bangladesh, even as followers of both groups claimed credit for murders. Instead, the government has blamed the opposition party.


The ruling party, the Awami League, has allowed its own religious wing, the Olema League, to grow ever bolder. Earlier this year, with Hefazat, it campaigned to defeat a petition calling for the removal of a constitutional provision recognising Islam as the state religion. The challenge took 28 years to wend its way through the legal system; the country’s highest court spent all of two minutes dismissing it. Doubtless the judges did so for sound legal reasons, but had they come to a different decision, they might have been murdered.


Zillur Rahman, an academic in Dhaka, says that the Awami League “wants to be seen as a champion of secularism and a protector of Islam”. It should be possible to be both. On June 14th around 100,000 Muslim clerics in Bangladesh issued a fatwa (Islamic religious edict) ruling the murder of “non-Muslims, minorities and secular activists…forbidden in Islam”. Yet still the government is reluctant to speak up for secularism and tolerance.


India, which almost completely surrounds Bangladesh, will be watching with great interest what happens next. Its border with Bangladesh has traditionally been as calm as its border with Pakistan is restive. It fears instability and radicalism on both sides.


India’s government is also concerned for the safety of Bangladesh’s Hindu population, which has declined markedly in recent years. Many have fled across the border; India has vowed to make it easier for them to claim citizenship. More may follow. Five days into the crackdown, a Hindu college teacher in a town near Dhaka answered the door at his home and was hacked nearly to death by three men with machetes.

Halt Mass Arbitrary Arrests: HRW

 

Carry Out Proper Investigations to Identify and Prosecute ‘Machete Attacks’

(New York) – The Bangladeshi authorities should investigate attacks on secular writers, gay rights activists, and religious minorities, and identify and prosecute the perpetrators, but should immediately stop arbitrarily arresting people without proper evidence of a crime, Human Rights Watch said today, following the arrest of several thousand people in recent days.

Between June 10 and 16, 2016, security forces have reportedly arrested over 11,000 in connection with a spate of murders of bloggers with secular or atheist leanings, non-Muslims, members of the LGBT community, and other progressive or liberal thinkers. Those detained should either be charged on the basis of credible evidence of criminal activities and brought immediately before a judge, or be immediately released.

“After a slow and complacent response to these horrific attacks, Bangladesh’s security forces are falling back on old habits and rounding up the ‘usual suspects’ instead of doing the hard work of carrying out proper investigations,” said Brad Adams, Asia director. “The government has an obligation to put an end to these murders and hold the perpetrators to account, but it must do so through proper procedures set out in its own criminal code as well as in international law.”

The wave of targeted killings of bloggers, secularists, and religious minorities began in 2013 and has escalated in recent months. To date, more than 50 have been killed, often through machete attacks in public spaces. Many of these killings have subsequently been claimed by Daesh (ISIS) or Ansar al-Islam, a Bangladeshi militant group linked to Al-Qaeda, but their involvement has not been established. The government denies the presence of both groups in the country.

The authorities were initially slow to respond to these murders, making only a handful of arrests in a few cases. In several of these cases, Human Rights Watch found that police detained those arrested weeks before they formally accused them of murder, failing to inform their families of their locations or provide access to legal counsel.

However, following the high profile murders of two gay rights activists on April 25, 2016, and the wife of a senior police officer responsible for counterterrorism operations on June 5, the government announced a new crackdown on extremists to bring an end to these killings, and the mass arrests began.

The killings of bloggers and others who allegedly do not conform to Islamist principles began in 2013 and, following a brief respite in 2014, resumed in 2015, continuing unabated until today. The initial “machete attacks” were largely against bloggers writing publicly about secularist or atheist principles, but later expanded to target members of religious minority groups, professors and students, publishers, and most recently LGBT rights activists.

The government’s initial reaction involved both condemning the killings but also urging those targeted to censor their writing or curtail their activities. In 2013, the authorities prosecuted four bloggers for “offending religious sentiments.” In 2015, following the murder of prominent blogger Niladri Chatterjee Niloy, Bangladesh’s Inspector General of Police warned bloggers that “hurting religious sentiments is a crime,” rather than protecting the right of free expression.

Anecdotal accounts of the recent roundups suggest that they are similar to those of the past. Police summarily stop people fitting a particularprofile: largely young men in areas the police suspect harbor militants. Police sources themselves state that of the more than 11,000 rounded up on this drive, only about 145 are confirmed members of militant organizations. Membership of an organization is not sufficient evidence to link individuals to these crimes.

Media reports claim that some of those detained are being made to pay bribes to secure their release, a familiar pattern in Bangladesh. For instance, in one case reported to Human Rights Watch in the present roundup, police detained a youth, beat him up in custody, and then demanded a 100,000 taka (US$1,270) bribe, threatening otherwise to list him as a suspected fundamentalist.

Given the well documented history of impunity for torture and other custodial abuse in Bangladesh, there is a real risk of harm during detention and interrogation. Human Rights Watch has documented torture and custodial abuse of those detained by Bangladeshi security forces, including that of one of its own consultants in 2008. A 2012 Human Rights Watch report documented the mass arrests, torture, and custodial deaths of those suspected of involvement in a 2009 mutiny by the Bangladesh Rifles. Subsequent investigations by Human Rights Watch before and after the violent elections in January 2014 documented arbitrary and illegal arrests, leading in some cases to disappearances and deaths.
Human Rights Watch noted that the government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has promised a climate of zero tolerance for torture and impunity.

“The mass arrest of thousands upon thousands within the course of a few days is a familiar scene in Bangladesh, but does little to inspire confidence either that these ghastly killings will stop or that due process will be followed,” Adams said. “The authorities need to conduct focused investigations in order to find those responsible for planning and carrying out the wave of killings that has so outraged the world.”

Tuesday, June 14, 2016

Situation of Concern Bangladesh

The U.N. Human Rights Council convened in Geneva for its session June 13. Ahead of this meeting, international groups working on press freedom and freedom of expression made a joint submission to the council calling for urgent and concrete steps to reverse the deteriorating climate for free expression in Bangladesh. Below is the full text of that statement.

Written Statement – Item Four 
Joint written statement submitted by PEN International, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, Center for Inquiry, Committee to Protect Journalists, Dansk PEN, English PEN, European Humanist Federation, Finnish PEN, Freemuse, Icelandic PEN, Index on Censorship, International Humanist and Ethical Union, International Publishers Association, Norsk PEN, PEN America, PEN Bangladesh, PEN Melbourne, Reporters without Borders, PEN Sweden

Bangladesh: Urgent, concrete steps required to protect freedom of expression 
Recent years have seen a serious decline in respect for freedom of expression and the associated rights of freedom of association, assembly and of religion or belief in Bangladesh, a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Deeply entrenched and widening political differences between the ruling Awami League, the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and their allies are contributing to a government crackdown on freedom of expression, with Bangladesh’s vibrant civil society also under attack. Legislative changes, poor law enforcement, lack of governmental support for the principle of freedom of expression, attempts to undermine independent media1 and a justice system ill-equipped to provide recourse to victims of rights violations have all contributed to the silencing of dissenting voices, through murder, imprisonment, self-censorship or exile.
Urgent and concrete steps are needed to reverse this trend and to ensure a climate where political, religious and other views may be debated and discussed in safety and where civil society is respected and enabled to fulfil its vital function of holding government to account.

Attacks on bloggers, publishers, academics, civil society activists and religious figures 
Since blogger-led protests demanding capital punishment for war crimes committed during Bangladesh's liberation war and calling for a ban on religious politics broke out in 2013, radical Islamist groups have claimed the killings of seven bloggers, free thinkers and a publisher, six since February 2015. The first victim was blogger Ahmed Rajib Haidar, who had been at the forefront of the protests. Most recently, law student Nazimuddin Samad, who wrote on issues of religious fundamentalism, war crimes, minority issues, corruption and injustice against women, was killed on 6 April 2016. After several months in hiding in 2015, he returned to his activism, stating, ‘It's better to die rather than living by keeping my head down.’

The attacks have widened to include civil society actors, academics and religious figures with diverse views. University professor Rezaul Karim Siddique was killed on 23 April 2016. Two days later, Xulhaz Mannan, editor of Bangladesh’s first and only LGBTI magazine, and his friend Tanay Mojumdar were hacked to death at Mannan’s home by unknown assailants. Religious minority figures, including a Christian pastor, a Buddhist monk and a Sufi Muslim leader have been attacked or killed since October 2015.

Government reaction 
While condemning these attacks, the Bangladesh authorities have repeatedly made statements and taken actions implying that the responsibility for avoiding such attacks lies with the victims.
A month after Ahmed Rajib Haider’s murder in February 2013 - rather than unequivocally supporting the right to freedom of expression and focusing on bringing the perpetrators to justice - a government committee was formed to track bloggers and social media users who made allegedly derogatory remarks about Islam and the Prophet Muhammad. The committee sought information from various platforms about certain users, and requested that several blogs be taken down. The committee publicised an email address where complaints about alleged ‘blasphemous’ content could be submitted, and was later reported to have participated in a discussion with Islamic clerics, who submitted the names of 84 bloggers, requesting that their writings be investigated. This list was made public, and reportedly became a ‘hit-list’ for those carrying out the attacks. Several of those on the list have been killed and others are in hiding, while many others have left Bangladesh. The net of those targeted for attack has since widened considerably.

The ambiguous response from the Bangladeshi authorities has continued with each attack. In April 2016, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina condemned violence in the name of religion, but said that it was not acceptable to write things which hurt the religious sentiments of others, stating, ‘[e]veryone should maintain decency otherwise in case of any uncivilized attitude, the government wouldn't take the responsibility’.

A legal framework that fails to protect freedom of expression and associated freedoms 
Retrograde amendments to laws affecting freedom of expression have been passed in recent years, with other draft laws still under consideration. Bangladeshi civil society has expressed serious concern at the trajectory of legal reform, highlighting how fundamental freedoms are at risk.
Problematic laws and regulations include:
• The colonial-era Penal Code, which includes the prohibition of insult to the religious feelings of any class of citizens7 and which criminalises defamation.
Daily Star editor Mahfuz Anam is facing scores of lawsuits for alleged criminal defamation and sedition after he had admitted on a TV chat show in February 2016 that he had erred in running corruption stories between 2007 and 2008 based on uncorroborated information provided by military intelligence.
• Overbroad restrictions in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Act9 which criminalise the online publication of material which is false, obscene, likely to harm law and order, prejudices the image of the State or hurts religious belief, attracting a maximum 14-year prison term, more severe than the penalty for offline publication. Content can be removed without a court order.10
Mohan Kumar Mondal, the director of a local environmental NGO LEDARS was detained for several weeks in September 2015 following a complaint about his Facebook page after a crowd collapse on 24 September during the Hajj in Saudi Arabia in which over 2,000 people died. He remains on trial for ‘hurting the religious beliefs of Muslims’.
In November 2015, citing national security, the government blocked social media platforms for almost a month ahead of the final appeal and subsequent execution of opposition leaders convicted of war crimes in the 1971 war of independence.
• The National Broadcasting Policy,12 which unduly restricts the dissemination of news, photos, or videos.

Problematic draft laws and regulations under consideration include:
• The draft Digital Security Act, which includes many offences categorised as terrorism attracting unduly harsh sentences, a lack of procedural safeguards for human rights protection and the delegation of excessive powers to law enforcement agencies without judicial oversight.
• The draft Foreign Donations (Voluntary Activities) Regulation Act 2014, which would require all NGOs receiving foreign funding to register with the Non-Governmental Organisation Affairs Bureau and to obtain its prior approval for each project undertaken with these resources.
• The Online Mass-Media Policy16 which replicates much of the Broadcasting Policy.

A justice system which is failing to protect fundamental freedoms
Successive governments have been accused of conducting extra-judicial executions, enforced disappearances and torture against opponents and critics with impunity. Police recruitment is partisan and inadequate; the prosecutorial system is underdeveloped; there is a lack of independence of the lower levels of the judiciary from the executive and the Supreme Court has been unwilling or unable to prevent executive interference and politicisation of justice. The failure of the state to uphold fundamental rights and freedoms allows extremist groups to spread fear and intolerance and to drive those with opposing views into self-censorship and/or exile through violent acts committed with virtual impunity.

Conclusion and Recommendations 
The worsening spiral of violence must be addressed urgently. The signatories to this statement urge the Council to press the government of Bangladesh – which, as a member of the Council, has pledged to ‘uphold the highest human rights standards’ - to:
• Thoroughly investigate the murders of bloggers, publishers, academics, civil society activists and religious minority figures, ensuring sufficient resources are allocated, make public the findings of the investigations and bring to justice those found responsible;
• End the culture of impunity for human rights abuses, whether committed by state or non-state actors;
• Ensure police provide adequate protection for all dissenting and minority voices, however controversial, particularly those who have been publicly targeted for attack; and ensure that all those requiring protection are able to access information about available measures and to request them with ease;
• Unequivocally uphold the right of all to freely express views, in accordance with the Constitution, including of those who disagree with or question the government;
• Release immediately and unconditionally anyone held solely for peacefully exercising their right to freedom of expression, including anyone imprisoned for expressing views about religion;
 • Abolish all forms of censorship, repeal unduly restrictive laws, and allow the free dissemination of information in line with international human rights standards;
• Facilitate dialogue and debate about religious tolerance in line with the Rabat Plan of Action;
• Abide by Bangladesh’s obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) to protect the rights to freedom of expression, association, and assembly.

Friday, June 10, 2016

Deep political tensions underline Bangladesh violence


 

 

 

Nyshka Chandran  | CNBC



Recent episodes of religious violence in Bangladesh underscore the challenge the country faces in combating extremism. But the incidents also represent a deepening political crisis in the world's eighth-most populous nation.

A series of grisly attacks on writers, activists, religious minorities as well as the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community has rocked the Muslim-majority nation since September last year.

This past week saw a Christian grocer, the wife of a police official who had been investigating the murders, and a Hindu priest killed in separate episodes that involved knives, guns and machetes. A Buddhist monk and two homosexual men were among the victims in May while the previous month's targets included a liberal blogger and a professor of English at a local university. More than 30 people had been killed in total since February 2015, Reuters reported on Thursday.

The Islamic State (IS) and Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) have claimed credit for some killings, but Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's ruling party—the Awami League—has denied the existence of these transnational groups. Instead, it blames the opposition, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), and local terror groups such as the Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT) and Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB).


The Awami League is a secular political party, widely seen as pro-business and maintains close ties with neighboring India. On the other hand, the BNP is deeply rooted in Islam and counts Islamist party Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (BJI) as an ally. BJI leader Mohammad Qamaruzzaman was hanged last April for crimes against humanity during the country's 1971 independence war against Pakistan.
Officials have yet to confirm who is behind the attacks. On Wednesday, the New York Times reported that authorities identified the leadership of the two groups they believed to be responsible.

The country's complicated terror landscape is a challenge. Established home-grown networks have likely decentralized into smaller units, making it harder for authorities to detect these organizations, explained Romita Das, South Asia analyst at political consultancy Control Risks.

Long-standing tensions between secularists and conservative Muslims also underline the savage killings.
The country's constitution was founded on secularism but Islam is the official state religion. That contrast provoked a group of intellectuals, known as the Committee against Autocracy and Communalism, to launch a petition in 1988 demanding the removal of the constitutional clause that recognized Islam as the official religion. The High Court rejected their request in March this year without a hearing.

Government under fire


Now, analysts are increasingly singling out the government's mismanagement as a key catalyst of the ongoing terror.

The ruling party's marginalization of political opposition parties in recent years likely created a vacuum of leadership for radical groups to fill, according to Das.

"Sheikh Hasina has vigorously denied the presence of the Islamic State in the country, presumably because she wants to maintain foreign investment—especially in the country's garment-export industry, which after China is the world's largest, accounting for 80 percent of the country's export revenue," intelligence firm Stratfor said in a report this week.

By blaming the BNP and BJI for the murders, the 68-year old leader is giving herself a pretext to further marginalize both groups in the name of enhancing security, Stratfor continued.

Under the Awami League's reign, economic development has improved, with declines in inflation, debt and poverty levels but international human rights groups have long criticized the party for its crackdown on media and overall freedom of expression.

"It is terrible that when bloggers were murdered, the government could only preach self-censorship," said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch, in a report earlier this year, labeling the current administration an authoritarian regime.

This year, Mahfuz Anam, editor of Bangladesh' largest-selling English language newspaper, was accused of sedition and defamation, while BNP chairwoman Begum Khaleda Zia was also charged with sedition for questioning death toll figures from the 1971 independence war.

Both Stratfor and Control Risks pointed to the fact that opposition groups are so heavily marginalized that they are unable to protest against the government's heavy-handed rule via street demonstrations or strikes.

"Hasina has made the political calculation that if she can sustain the country's 6 percent rate of growth while creating jobs, reducing poverty and increasing health care access, then the electorate will overlook single-party rule and reward the Awami League during the 2018 elections," Stratfor said.

Broader implications


Moody's Investors Service told CNBC that the violent episodes remain isolated for now but if they become endemic, that could present risks to the country's current 'BA3' credit rating.

"We have already assigned a relatively elevated degree of political risk to the country because domestic politics are so highly polarized," said Anushka Shah, sovereign risk analyst at the agency.

Terror-linked violence aside, other downwards risks to the rating include shocks to Bangladesh's external position, including sharp declines in remittances or exports, and contingent liabilities in the banking system, Shah said.

"A key risk related to the violence in Bangladesh from a rating's perspective is that at some stage safety issues could deter foreigners from doing business there. Especially if investors and buyers in the ready-made garments sector would move their business to other countries in the region, this could inflict long-term harm to the economy. So far, we have not seen this risk crystallize," said Thomas Rookmaaker, director of sovereigns and supranationals at Fitch Ratings.

So far, the numerous multinational corporations (MNCs) in the South Asian country, which include Unilever, Chevron, HSBC and British American Tobacco, haven't been affected. There have been no reports of MNCs closing up shop so far and risks to foreigners remain incidental, Das said.
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Nyshka Chandran - Associate Producer, CNBC Asia-Pacific

āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ, āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻি āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞা

 

 

 

 

āϏাāĻŦিāϰ āĻŽুāϏ্āϤাāĻĢা / āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞা


āĻ—āϤ āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ• āϏāĻĒ্āϤাāĻš āϧāϰে āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āϞāύ্āĻĄāύে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāϏীāύ āĻĻāϞ āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āύেāϤা-āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāϰা āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύাāϝ় āĻŽুāĻ–āϰ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›েāύ। āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻি āύাāĻŽে āχāϏāϰাāϝ়েāϞেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ•েāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖেāχ āĻāχ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ ।

āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰে āĻŽি.āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻি āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ• āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ āϝেāϟাāĻ•ে āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āϰা ‘āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা’ āĻāĻŦং ‘āĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύাāĻĒ্āϰāϏূāϤ’ āĻŦāϞে āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰāĻ›েāύ।

āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰে āχāϏāϰাāϝ়েāϞি āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϤāύ āωāĻĒāĻĻেāώ্āϟা āĻāĻŦং āχāύ্āϟাāϰāύ্āϝাāĻļāύাāϞ āϏেāύ্āϟাāϰ āĻĢāϰ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āϞোāĻŽ্āϝাāϏি āĻāύ্āĻĄ āĻĒাāĻŦāϞিāĻ• āϰিāϞেāĻļāύāϏ্‌-āĻāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŖāϧাāϰ āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻি āĻŦāϞেāύ, āϤিāύি āϚাāϰ-āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻŽাāϏ āφāĻ—ে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ ‘āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤাāϰ’ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ“āϝ়াāĻļিংāϟāύে āĻŦৈāĻ āĻ• āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ।

āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŽāĻšāϞে āϚাāĻž্āϚāϞ্āϝ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāχ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻি āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻ•āϰেāύ āϏেāχ ‘āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤা’ āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻļেāĻ– āĻšাāϏিāύাāϰ āĻĒুāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āύেāϤা āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ, āϤāĻ–āύ āϏেāχ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰāϟিāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦে āύāϤুāύ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āϝোāĻ— āĻšāϝ়।

āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে ‘āĻŦৈāĻ āĻ•েāϰ’ āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻĻুāϟো āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻ•াāϰে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, āχāϏāϰাāϝ়েāϞেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•ূāϟāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύেāχ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļী āĻĒাāϏāĻĒোāϰ্āϟāϧাāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āχāϏāϰাāϝ়েāϞ āϝাāĻ“āϝ়া āύিāώেāϧ।

āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āϤ, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ­াāϰāϤে āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āϚেāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻŦিāϰোāϧী āĻĻāϞ āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒি-āϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϏিāύিāϝ়āϰ āύেāϤা, āφāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϚৌāϧুāϰীāϰ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻšāϝ় āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে। āϏেāχ āĻ›āĻŦি āĻĸাāĻ•াāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻĒāϤ্āϰিāĻ•াāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻšāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽি. āϚৌāϧুāϰীāĻ•ে āĻ—্āϰেāĻĢāϤাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĻোāĻš āĻŽাāĻŽāϞা āĻĻাāϝ়েāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāĻ•ে āχāϏāϰাāϝ়েāϞি āĻ—োāϝ়েāύ্āĻĻা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŽোāϏাāĻĻ-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ ‘āĻ—ুāĻĒ্āϤāϚāϰ’ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āφāĻ–্āϝাāϝ়িāϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻŽি. āϚৌāϧুāϰীāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻŽোāϏাāĻĻ-āĻāϰ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤাāϝ় āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ–াāϤে āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āφāύা āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•াāϜেāχ, āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖিāϤ āĻšāϝ় āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻ›েāϞে – āϝিāύি āϤাঁāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻ• āωāĻĒāĻĻেāώ্āϟাāĻ“ – āϏেāχ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ, āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ ‘āĻŽোāϏাāĻĻ āώāĻĄ়āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰ’ āĻ—āϞ্āĻĒ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়āĻŦে।

āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āύেāϝ় āĻŽে āĻŽাāϏেāϰ ā§§ā§Ŧ āϤাāϰিāĻ–ে, āϝāĻ–āύ āφāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϚৌāϧুāϰীāĻ•ে āĻ—্āϰেāĻĢāϤাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।āĻŽি. āϚৌāϧুāϰীāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻ—āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ ‘āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻĻিāĻ•’ āϤুāϞে āϧāϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝāχ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āύেāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়।

āφāϏāϞাāĻŽ āϚৌāϧুāϰীāĻ•ে āĻ—্āϰেāĻĢāϤাāϰেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāĻ•ে āϘিāϰে āχāϤোāĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϜāύāĻŽāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϞ āφāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻ›িāϞ, āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻāχ āχāϏāϰাāϝ়েāϞি āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āφāϞোāϚāύাāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāϤে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞেāύ।

āϏেāχ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟে āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŽে āĻŽাāϏেāϰ ⧍⧭ āϤাāϰিāĻ–ে āϏোāĻļাāϞ āĻŽিāĻĄিāϝ়াāϤে āĻ›āĻĄ়িāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়া āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“āϤে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ় āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻি āύিāω āχāϝ়āϰ্āĻ•েāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϟেāϞিāĻ­িāĻļāύ (āϟাāχāĻŽ āϟিāĻ­ি) āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰে āĻŦāϞāĻ›েāύ āϤাঁāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে, āϤāĻ–āύ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύে āĻ•ৌāϤূāĻšāϞ āϜাāĻ—াāϟাāχ āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āĻ›িāϞ।

āĻāχ āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“ āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ•ে āύāϜāϰে āφāϏাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āϰা āĻŦিāώāϝ়āϟি āĻ–āϤিāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻ–াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻŦোāϧ āĻ•āϰেāύ । āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻ•āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦāϞে āĻŽāύে āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›িāϞ – āϝāĻĻি āϤাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨাāϰ āϏāϤ্āϝāϤা āϝাāϚাāχ āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়।

āĻāχ āϝাāϚাāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āĻ›িāϞ āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āύেāϝ়া, āϤাāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাāĻĄ়āϤি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰা। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āĻšāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ›িāϞ āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦী āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āύেāϝ়া।

āϝāĻĻি āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻ•্āώাāϤেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāύ, āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻĒুāύāϰাāϝ় āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĢিāϰে āϝেāϤে āĻšāϤো, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ•োāύ āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻĻু’āϜāύেāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাāϤেāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϝাāϚাāχ āĻŦা āύাāĻ•āϚ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύ āĻšāϤো।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏেāϏāĻŦ āĻšāϝ়ে āωāĻ ে āύাāχ – āĻļুāϧু āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰāϟি āĻļুāĻ•্āϰāĻŦাāϰ (āĻŽে ⧍⧭) āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰে āϤিāύি āύāϤুāύ āĻ•োāύ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāύ āύি। āϤāĻŦে āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϤিāύি āĻŦāϞেāĻ›িāϞেāύ, āĻ“āϝ়াāĻļিংāϟāύে āϝে āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϰ āφāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖে āϤিāύি āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ, āϤাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚāϝ় āϤিāύি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦেāύ āύা।

āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āφāĻ—েāχ āĻŽি.āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āϤাঁāϰ āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞে āĻŽেāϏেāϜ āϰাāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āύেāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŦং āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āĻŦাāϰ āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞে āĻŽেāϏেāϜ āϰাāĻ–া āĻšāϝ়।

āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻļ āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়, āϤাāχ āϤাঁāϰ āχāύ āĻŦāĻ•্āϏে āĻŽেāϏেāϜ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়, āĻŦিāώāϝ়āϟি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϟেāϞিāĻĢোāύ āύাāĻŽ্āĻŦাāϰ āĻĻেāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧে āϏাāĻĄ়া āĻĻেāύāύি।

āϤিāύ āϘāĻŖ্āϟা āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āϤৈāϰি āϰিāĻĒোāϰ্āϟ āϞāύ্āĻĄāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŦিāĻ•েāϞ āϚাāϰāϟাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰāχ āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়। āĻŦিāĻ•েāϞ āϏাāĻĄ়ে āĻĒাঁāϚāϟাāϝ়, āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϰাāϤ āϏাāĻĄ়ে āĻĻāĻļāϟাāϰ āϰেāĻĄিāĻ“ āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύে āϏেāχ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

āĻĻুāχ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰেāχ āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে, āϝে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϚেāώ্āϟা āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ“ āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻ“āϝ়া āϝাāϝ় āύি।

āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āϰিāĻĒোāϰ্āϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻ›িāϞ : āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ, āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϰ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ, āĻāĻŦং āĻāχ āĻ•াāĻšিāύী āύিāϝ়ে āϜāύāĻŽāύে āφāĻ—্āϰāĻš। āϤাāĻ›াāĻĄ়া, āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻāĻ•ে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ•োāύ āϤ্āϰুāϟি āĻ›িāϞ āύা।

āĻŽে āĻŽাāϏেāϰ ⧍⧝ āϤাāϰিāĻ– āϰোāĻŦāĻŦাāϰ āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻ āϤাঁāϰ āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ• āĻĒাāϤাāϝ় āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏ্āϟেāϟাāϏ āĻĻেāύ, āϝেāĻ–াāύে āϤিāύি āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦৈāĻ āĻ•েāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāύ।

āϤিāύি āϐ āĻ–āĻŦāϰāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āύাāϟāĻ• āĻŦāϞে āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ, āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϰ ‘āϏāϤ্āϝāϤা āϝাāϚাāχ āύা āĻ•āϰে’ āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে āϤিāύি ‘āϞāϜ্āϜাāϜāύāĻ•’ āĻŦāϞে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻ•āϰেāύ।

āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĻিāύ, āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰীāϝ় āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ āϞিāĻĒি āφāĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻ াāύো āĻšāϝ়, āĻāĻŦং āϏেāϟা āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āĻ“āϝ়েāĻŦ āϏাāχāϟে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āϘāϟāύাāϚāĻ•্āϰে āφāĻŽি āϤাāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ āĻĻিāύ āĻĸাāĻ•াāϝ় āĻĒৌঁāĻ›েāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ।

āĻŽি. āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ• āϏ্āϟেāϟাāϏ āĻāĻŦং āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ āϞিāĻĒি āĻĻুāϟিāχ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύ āĻāĻŦং āϰেāĻĄিāĻ“āϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

āϤāĻŦে āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ āϞিāĻĒিāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦিāĻ­্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āϜāϰুāϰী āĻ›িāϞ। āϏেāĻ–াāύে āύিāω āχāϝ়āϰ্āĻ•েāϰ āϟাāχāĻŽ āϟিāĻ­ি-āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ— āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒি āϚেāϝ়াāϰāĻĒাāϰ্āϏāύ āĻ–াāϞেāĻĻা āϜিāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āϤāύ āωāĻĒāĻĻেāώ্āϟা āϜাāĻšিāĻĻ āϏāϰāĻĻাāϰ āϏাāĻĻ্āĻĻিāϰ āύাāĻŽ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

āφāĻŽাāϰ āωāϤ্āϤāϰে āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāχ āϝে, āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϟাāχāĻŽ āϟিāĻ­ি āĻŦা āϏāϰāĻĻাāϰ āϏাāĻĻ্āĻĻিāϰ āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύেāχ।

āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻĒ্āϤাāĻšে āĻĸাāĻ•াāϝ় āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰীāϝ় āϝুāĻ—্āĻŽ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ• āĻŽাāĻšāĻŦুāĻŦুāϞ āφāϞāĻŽ āĻšাāύিāĻĢেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻāĻ• āĻŦৈāĻ āĻ•েāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āφāĻŽি āĻŦিāώāϝ়āϟি āφāĻŦাāϰো āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰি – āϟাāχāĻŽ āϟিāĻ­িāϰ āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“-āϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āϰিāĻĒোāϰ্āϟেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύেāχ।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāϰāĻĒāϰāĻ“ āĻĻুāχ-āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽāĻšāϞ āϟাāχāĻŽ āϟিāĻ­িāϰ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ• āϜেāĻ•āĻŦ āĻŽিāϞāϟāύ āφāϰ āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĻ্āĻĻিāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ āύাāĻŽ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰāĻŖা āϚাāϞিāϝ়ে āϝাāϚ্āĻ›েāύ, āϝেāϟা āϝে āĻļুāϧু āĻ…āϏāϤ্āϝ āϤাāχ āύāϝ়, āĻšাāϏ্āϝāĻ•āϰāĻ“ āĻŦāϟে!

āϤāĻŦে, āĻāĻ•āϟি āϜিāύিāϏ āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϝ় āϝে āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ–āĻŦāϰāϟা āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āϝāϤ্āύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰি āύাāχ।

āĻŽেāύ্āĻĻি āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āϏাāĻ•্āώাā§ŽāĻ•াāϰ āύেāϝ়াāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻ›িāϞ, āϤা āύিāϝ়ে āĻ•োāύ āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻš āύেāχ। āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϰ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ›িāϞ, āϏেāϟাāĻ“ āĻ…āύāϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ্āϝ।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু, āĻŽি. āϏাāĻĢাāĻĻিāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϰ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ, āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ›াāĻĄ়া – āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻ•োāύ āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻ–āĻŦāϰāϟি āϝাāϚাāχ āύা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻ–āĻŦāϰāϟি āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϰāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ়।

āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϜāύেāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻŽাāύে āϰিāĻĒোāϰ্āϟে āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻ­াāϰāϏাāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ›িāϞ āύা।

āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏি āĻŦাংāϞাāϰ ā§­ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϰāϤ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āύিāϰāĻĒেāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻāĻŦং āĻ­াāϰāϏাāĻŽ্āϝেāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻিāϝ়েāχ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•āϰে, āĻĻু’āĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦীāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāϰāϤ āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ›েāύ। āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϤাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে।

āϘāϟāύাāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦāϞা āϝাāϝ় āϝে, āϏāϜীāĻŦ āĻ“āϝ়াāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϚাāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏিāϰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ•ীāϝ় āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻĒāύ্āĻĨী āĻ›িāϞ, āϝেāϟা āĻĻু:āĻ–āϜāύāĻ•।

āĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϝ়েāĻ•āϜāύ āφāĻ“āϝ়াāĻŽী āϞীāĻ— āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ• āϚিāĻ ি āĻāĻŦং āχāĻŽেāχāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ, āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŦাāχāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻŦিāϏিāϰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽে āĻŦেāϧে āĻĻেāϝ়া āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϜāĻŦাāĻŦ āĻĻেāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āϝেāĻ–াāύে āĻ–āĻŦāϰেāϰ āĻāχ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤা āĻŦা āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻু:āĻ– āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়।

Thursday, June 9, 2016

Pretexts to Arrest: A Response to Sajeeb Wazed’s Defence of the Bangladesh Government


By David Bergman / The Wire

Sajeeb Wazed, the US-based son of Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has taken time off from his frequent Facebook musings about the country’s politics to pen an article in the Washington Times defending the arrest in Bangladesh of opposition journalist Shafiq Rehman for his involvement in an alleged plot to kill him in the US.
The article also seeks to connect this ‘plot’ directly to violent protests by the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in early 2015 and to defend the government’s arrest of thousands of opposition party activists and leaders.

In setting out his stall in support of the Bangladeshi government’s action, Wazed, however, omits significant facts and makes a number of inaccurate statements.
A ‘plot to kill’?

Rehman was arrested five weeks ago on charges of being involved in a plot to kill Wazed in the US. Another opposition journalist, already in detention, was also ‘shown arrested’ for this offence. The high court on Tuesday refused to give them bail.

The Washington Times article connects the arrest of the journalist in Bangladesh to a criminal prosecution in the US last year that resulted in a US-Bangladesh citizen, Rizvi Ahmed, pleading guilty of bribing an FBI agent to obtain confidential information about Wazed.
Wazed states that Ahmed sought the information from the FBI agent so that he could ‘scare,’ ‘kidnap’ and ‘hurt’ him, and that this information was given or sold to Rehman who also sought to do the same.

However, Wazed’s reporting of this US federal prosecution is inaccurate and highly partial.
First, he does not mention in his article that the key documents sought and obtained by Ahmed concerned alleged financial irregularities by the prime minister’s son himself.

According to the US Department of Justice’s sentencing report, in December 2011 in exchange for $1000 – the only money that was given to the corrupt FBI agent ­– Ahmed received a number of confidential documents about Wazed including “an internal memorandum (the ‘FBI Memo’) that referred to Individual 1 and a sum of $300 million, and a confidential report, known as a Suspicious Activity Report (the ‘SAR’) that also referred to Individual 1.”

Individual 1 refers to Wazed. Banks or financial institutions are required to file a SAR report when they identify any suspicious financial transactions.

According to the Department of Justice submission, on receiving this document, Ahmed was particularly interested in getting more information about the ‘$300 million’.

In a text, quoted in the US court submission, Ahmed writes to the accomplice of the FBI agent, “Just give me some idea what exactly you have on them … The last documents you gave me about $300 millions. How far that investigation went n what they found. Give me some idea and I will get u that contract!!!” (sic). (The ‘contract’ relates to ongoing discussions about Ahmed paying further money to the FBI agent and his friend for further information.)
Secondly, Wazed also omits in his article any mention of the US federal judge’s ruling, which dismissed the department of justice’s contention, raised during the sentencing hearing, that another objective Rizve had was to ‘scare,’ ‘kidnap’ and ‘hurt’ him.

“The [US] government’s contention that [Rizve] Ahmed in fact sought to kidnap and physically harm an individual is a stretch,” Judge Vincent L. Briccetti had said.

“I just don’t feel there’s enough evidence that’s been presented to me for me to make that finding,” he had added.

“This case,” the US judge had said, “is all about furthering Ahmed’s political aims, getting confidential information to expose what Ahmed apparently thought was corrupt behavior by the ruling party and otherwise embarrass [Sajeeb Wazed].”

A case against Rehman?
Ignoring all of this, Wazed seeks in his article to link Rehman to the ‘plot’ to kill him by pointing out that a copy of the same FBI documents that Ahmed had corruptly purchased were found in his house. The documents, he says, “chillingly included my home and office addresses, my day-to-day movements and even the license plate number of my car.”

Wazed’s article though does not state that the ‘documents’ found in Rehman’s house comprise the FBI memo relating to him that mention ‘$300 million’ and the SAR – which any journalist, particularly one linked to the political opposition, would love to get their hands on.

The most reasonable and obvious explanation as to why Rehman had a copy of these documents is that he hoped to use the financial information they contained to expose Wazed’s allegedly corrupt behavior – not to use it to track down and kill him.

Indeed, if it were true that Rehman – or Ahmed himself –­ was involved in a plot to kill Wazed, what evidence is there that after receiving this information, either of them took any action of any kind to further that intention?

There is none.

The BNP and the 2014 elections
In his article, Wazed then seeks to link the alleged ‘plot’ to kill him with violent protests orchestrated by the BNP, one year after the controversial January 2014 elections. In doing so, he makes an inaccurate claim about why the BNP chose not to take part in these elections.
He says the party “chose to quit rather than contest” the elections as it realised it would have been “soundly defeated”. However, such a contention is not supported by the international-standard polls that were undertaken at the time, which in fact showed that the BNP had a good chance of winning any elections conducted freely and fairly.

In January 2013, a Democracy International (DI) poll found that 38% of voters would vote for the BNP against 32% for the Awami League; in July 2013, another DI poll found that BNP’s support had increased to 43% among voters, with the Awami League staying at 32%. Another poll conducted just after the elections found that preferences had changed and Awami League had a lead of 4% (within the margin of error).

The International Republican Institute published polls do not include data on voting preferences, but they do provide information on people’s views concerning whether the country was heading in the right or the wrong direction, often used as an indicator of voter preference.

These showed that in November 2013, a couple of months before the election, 62% thought that the country was going in the wrong direction and 33% in the right direction. At the time of the election, the polls showed a very similar result, 59% to 35%.

The only poll published before the elections that suggested that the Awami League was doing well – with a 6% lead – was one commissioned by the party itself and undertaken by a polling agency owned by an Awami League member of parliament. Moreover, a different interpretation of the same data put the BNP ahead by 3%.

Significantly, Wazed also fails to mention the crucial reason why the opposition parties did not take part in the 2014 election – the Awami League government’s decision to remove provisions from the Constitution that required the establishment of a pre-election neutral caretaker government to ensure that the elections would be free and fair. Ironically, it was successful protests by the Awami League twenty years earlier when it was in opposition that had resulted in the caretaker government provision first being enacted.

BNP violence: “Without prejudice or favour?”

Wazed was correct to criticise the opposition party’s “violent” response to these controversial January 2014 ‘elections’ (which resulted in over half of the parliamentary seats remaining uncontested and the other half uncompetitive).

And he is right to claim that it was perfectly legitimate for the Bangladesh authorities to seek to arrest those responsible.

However, this was not done “without prejudice or favour,” as he claims.

The police filed hundreds of criminal cases, each one filed against dozens of named BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami activists and supporters chosen mainly because they were from the area where a violent incident took place – without any proper evidence of their involvement in the crime. Those named were then arrested and detained for months, with charges subsequently raised against them.

Moreover, many of the criminal cases also included a statement by the police that the violent offence was also committed by dozens or hundreds of ‘unnamed’ people. This allowed any BNP or Jamaat activist, otherwise not named in a case, to be subsequently detained and ‘shown arrested’ as one of these unnamed accused. As a result, Bangladesh’s law authorities have arrested thousands of opposition activists.

In addition to the arrests there were also many extra judicial killings by the police – in fact, a third of the total deaths during the 2015 violence involved opposition activists or pickets killed whilst in the custody of law enforcement bodies, during alleged ‘shoot-outs’, during protests or in incidents where it has been alleged law enforcement authorities were responsible.

At the end of his article, in criticising human rights organisations and the international media who condemn Bangladesh, Wazed asks rhetorically: “Should criminals not be arrested because they belong to rival political parties?”

Clearly, “criminals” should not escape prosecution simply because they belong to a particular political party.

However, what has been going on in Bangladesh is that hundreds of people are being arrested simply because they belong to rival political parties – even though there is no credible evidence that they have committed any offences.

And this is the real link that ties the 2015 violence and the alleged ‘plot to kill’ the prime minister’s son.

They both have provided pretexts to arrest opposition supporters and activists.

David Bergman is an investigative journalist based in Bangladesh. He also runs the Bangladesh Politico and Bangladesh War Crimes blogs, and tweets @davidbangladesh. 

Wednesday, June 8, 2016

āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­ : āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ

āĻ—āϤ ⧍ āϜুāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϜāύাāĻŦ āφāĻŦুāϞ āĻŽাāϞ āφāĻŦ্āĻĻুāϞ āĻŽুāĻšিāϤ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ -⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§­ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§Š āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻŽোāϟ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟েāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻĒেāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āĻāχ āφāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϧাāϰাāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āϤাāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤিāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ। āĻāχ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āĻŽোāϟ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒিāϰ ā§§ā§­ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŽāϤ। āĻāϰ āφāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟāĻ—ুāϞো āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒিāϰ ā§§ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ›িāϞ। āĻāχāĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞা āϝা⧟ āĻŦাāϜেāϟāϟি āĻāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে āĻ—āϤাāύুāĻ—āϤিāĻ•। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰ āĻ›িāϞ ā§­ā§Žā§Ŧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĻূāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ…āϤীāϤেāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟāϟি āωāϚ্āϚাāĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώী। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āύিāϜেāĻ“ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ ‘āωāϚ্āϚাāĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώী’। āϏāĻŽā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽা⧟ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦ⧜ āĻšāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•াāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ•েāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āύ⧟। āϤāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āωāĻ ে āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āύি⧟ে।

⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ - ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ⧝ā§Ģ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώিāϤ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা⧟ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āφāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āύা āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা⧟ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ – ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏংāĻļোāϧিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Ŧā§Ē āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ģā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া⧟ āύাāĻŽি⧟ে āφāύা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž ā§Šā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ģā§Šā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻ•āĻŽাāύো āĻšā§Ÿ। āϚূ⧜াāύ্āϤ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻšāϞে ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻŦাāϜেāϟ ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া⧟ āύেāĻŽে āφāϏāϞে āĻ…āĻŦাāĻ• āĻšāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āύা। āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­) ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϏংāĻļোāϧিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ ā§¨ā§Ž.ā§­ā§Ē āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦেāĻļী, āĻāĻŦং ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ ā§§ā§Ģ.ā§Ē⧍ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦেāĻļী। āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϤāϟা āĻŦা⧜াāύো āϝাāĻŦে āϏেāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤঃ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰে āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻšেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ, āϜাāϤী⧟ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄāĻ•ে ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āφāĻĻা⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Š āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§§ā§Ģ⧍ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϏংāĻļোāϧিāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻāχ āĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে ā§Šā§Ģ.ā§Ē āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦেāĻļী। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤৃāϤাāϰ ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ া⧟ ⧧⧝⧧ āĻ…āϧ্āϝা⧟ে āĻŦāϞেāĻ›িāϞেāύ, āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰ āĻ•ে āφāĻĻা⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ā§§ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§­ā§Ŧ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Šā§­ā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­ āĻāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻšāĻŦে ā§§ā§Ģ.ā§§ā§Ž āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦেāĻļী। āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻুāĻŦাāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϜাāϤী⧟ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āφāϏ্āĻĨা āϰেāĻ–ে āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦāϞে āφāĻļা āĻĒোāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦāϤা āĻšāϞ āϤাāĻ•ে āφāĻļাāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—েāϰ āĻ•āώ্āϟ āĻĒোāĻšাāϤে āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āϤাāχ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻļāĻ™্āĻ•া, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে āύা āĻŦāϞāϞেāχ āϚāϞে। āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦেāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āωāĻ āϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϏেāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ•ি āĻ•āϰāĻŦেāύ। āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϤāύ āϤাঁāĻ•ে āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āφāĻĻা⧟ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা⧟ āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻŽুāĻ–ী āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻŽুāĻ–ী āϏংāĻļোāϧāύেāϰ āĻŽাāύে āĻšāϞ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻ•াāϟāĻ›াঁāϟ āĻ•āϰা। āĻ•োāĻĨা⧟ āϤিāύি āĻ•াāϟāĻ›াঁāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻŦেāύ? āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ“ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻ–াāϤ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻŽাāύāĻŦāĻ•āϞ্āϝাāύ āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•িāϤ āύ⧟, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύ āĻ–াāϤ āĻĨেāĻ•ে। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻš āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰাāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āωāϚ্āϚাāĻ­িāϞাāώী। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏেāχ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা āĻ“ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖে āϤাঁāĻ•ে āϝāϤ্āύāĻļীāϞ āĻšāϤে āĻĻেāĻ–ি āύা। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϝāĻĨাāϝāϤ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύেāϰ āϚাāχāϤে āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•āϰ-āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒি āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāϜāύāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦে ā§§ā§§ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ•ে āϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āφāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āĻŦা⧜াāϤে āĻĒাāϰāϞে āϜāύāĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻ“ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏূāϚী āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ। āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤা āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰāϞে āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύেāϰ āĻĒāĻĨāĻ“ āĻ–ুঁāϜে āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϝেāĻ­াāĻŦে āϧāĻŽāĻ•েāϰ āϏুāϰে āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤা āĻĸাāĻ•āϤে āϚাāύ āϤা āĻ•োāύāĻ•্āϰāĻŽেāχ āĻ•াāĻŽ্āϝ āύ⧟।

ā§Š āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§§ā§Ģ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§­ā§Ēā§Ē āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ ā§§ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§­ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻ•াāϞ āϧāϰে āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟āĻĒ্āϰাāϧাāύ্āϝ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āϞāϜāύāĻ• āύ⧟। āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰে, āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟েāϰ āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ āϏāĻ™্āĻ•ুāϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϟি āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāϞে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻšাāϰে āϜāύāĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖāĻ“ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ•āϟি āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻĻৈāύিāĻ•েāϰ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী, āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āĻŽোāϟ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ•েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻšāĻŦে ⧍⧧ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§¨ā§Žā§Ž āϟাāĻ•া। āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āωāύ্āύ⧟āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻšāĻŦে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§Ŧ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§¯ā§§ā§Ž āϟাāĻ•া। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ ā§§ā§Š āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ēā§Žā§Ē āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟ে āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ“ āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟েāϰ āĻāχ āϤুāϞāύা āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻšāϤাāĻļা āĻŦ⧟ে āφāύে। āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āφāĻĻা⧟েāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Ē⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§­ā§Ģ⧍ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĻা⧜া⧟ āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻ•āϰ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ā§§ā§Ģ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧧⧭⧍ āϟাāĻ•া। āĻŦিāĻĻা⧟ী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻ•āϰ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে ā§§ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧍⧭ āϟাāĻ•া। āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻ•āϰেāϰ āĻŦোāĻা āĻŦা⧜āĻ›ে ā§Ē āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Žā§Ģ āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āϝেāĻ­াāĻŦেāχ āĻ•āϰ āφāϰোāĻĒেāϰ āϚিāϤ্āϰ āĻĻেāĻ–াāύো āĻšোāĻ• āύা āĻ•েāύ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦে āĻŽাāύুāώāĻ•ে āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāϰ āĻŦোāĻা āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻŦিāύিāĻŽā§Ÿে āϜāύāĻ—āύ āĻ•ি āĻĒাāĻŦে āϏেāϟি āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿāύি।

āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻšিāϏāĻŦে āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†ā§Ÿ āϧāϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ēā§Ļ⧍ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϜাāϤী⧟ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄ āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻ•āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāϏāĻŦে ⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§Š āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§§ā§Ģ⧍ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄāĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻ•āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§­ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧍ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি, āĻ•āϰ āĻ›া⧜া ā§Šā§¨ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Šā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āĻāĻŦং āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻ…āύুāĻĻাāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Ģ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ģā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻ†ā§Ÿেāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϧāϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻŦেāĻļী āĻ•āϰ āφāĻĻা⧟েāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ িāĻ• āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏংāϝোāϜāύ āĻ•āϰ āĻŦা āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে, ⧭⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§­ā§Ŧā§Ē āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া।  āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻা⧟ী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ ā§Šā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦেāĻļী। āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ•āϰ āĻ“ āĻŽুāύাāĻĢাāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ•āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§­ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧝ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āφāĻĻা⧟েāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϧāϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻĒ্āϰাāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে। āφāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ āĻ›িāϞ ā§Ŧā§Ē āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧝⧭⧧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻāĻ›া⧜া āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āφāĻŽāĻĻাāύি āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে ⧍⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ēā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒুāϰāĻ• āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Šā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§­ā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া, āφāĻŦāĻ—াāϰি āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Ē āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ēā§Ē⧝ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ•āϰ āĻ“ āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ēā§¨ā§Ž āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āφāĻĻা⧟েāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ িāĻ• āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।

āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āĻ•āϰ āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰāϞে āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāϤāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϤী⧟āĻŽাāύ āĻšā§Ÿ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āϰ āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āĻĒāϰোāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻ“ āφāĻŽāĻĻাāύী āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী ‘āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি, āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ, āĻ“ āϏāĻŽāϤাāĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ’ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϰ āĻĒāĻĨে āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāϝাāϤ্āϰাāϰ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—ীāĻ•াāϰ āύি⧟ে āϝে āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āϘোāώāĻŖা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ āϏেāϟি āĻĒāϰোāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻšāĻŦাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖিāϧাāύāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻ•োāύ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰাāĻ–āĻŦে āύা। āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āωāĻĻাāϰীāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĢāϞে āφāĻŽāĻĻাāύি āĻļুāϞ্āĻ•েāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•্āϰāĻŽাāύ্āĻŦ⧟ে āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϤা āĻ•āĻŽি⧟ে āφāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĢāϞে āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻ“ āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ•āϰেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰāϤা āĻŦা⧜াāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ­্āϝাāϟ, āĻ—āϰিāĻŦ-āϧāύীāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•োāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•āϰে āύা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ•āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ—āϤিāĻļীāϞ āĻ•āϰ āĻāĻŦং āϧāύাāĻĸ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤিāĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻāϰ āĻŦোāĻা āφāϰোāĻĒিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻŽাāϜে āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া⧟ āϏāĻšা⧟āĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ।  āĻŦোāϏ্āϟāύ āĻ•āύ্āϏাāϞ্āϟিং āĻ—্āϰāĻĒ āĻāϰ āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ ā§­ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž ā§§.⧍ā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĄāϞাāϰ (ā§Ē āϞāĻ•্āώ ā§­ā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āϟাāĻ•া) āĻāϰ āĻŦেāĻļী āĻ†ā§Ÿ āĻ•āϰে; āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āύিāĻŦāύ্āϧিāϤ āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ•āϰ āĻĻাāϤাāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§§ā§Ž āϞাāĻ–, āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āϏা⧜ে ā§§ā§§ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰāĻĻাāϤা āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ•āϰ āĻŦিāĻŦāϰāĻŖী āĻĻাāĻ–িāϞ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāϤāχ āωāϚ্āϚ āĻ†ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻĻেāϰ āĻļāύাāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻ—েāϞে āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ•েāϰ āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ•āϰ āφāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ†ā§Ÿ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāĻŦে āϤেāĻŽāύি āϏāĻŽāϤাāĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāϟিāĻ“ āϏāĻšāϜāϏাāϧ্āϝ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĻুāϰ্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝেāϰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ āĻāχ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝে āϏৃāϜāύāĻļীāϞ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āύে⧟া āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা।

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤৃāϤা⧟ āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ, ‘āĻ…āĻŦāĻļেāώে āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ›ā§Ÿ āĻšāϤে āϏা⧜ে āĻ›ā§Ÿ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŦāϞ⧟ āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰে āϚāϞāϤি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে ā§­.ā§Ļā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ āĻŦāϞে āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি। āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻ†ā§Ÿ āωāύ্āύীāϤ āĻšāĻŦে ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ē āĻļāϤ ā§Ŧā§Ŧ āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ•িāύ āĻĄāϞাāϰে’।  āφāĻŽāϰা āχāϤোāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϤুāϞেāĻ›ি। āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻŽāύ্āĻĨāϰāϤা, āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻšে āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ•েāϰ āϘাāϟāϤি, āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύে āϧীāϰāĻ—āϤি āĻ“ āĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώিāϤ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­ৃāϤি āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āϚāϞāϤি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে ā§­.ā§Ļā§Ģ āĻāχ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āύি⧟ে āϏংāĻļ⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ি। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤৃāϤাāϰ ⧧⧍ āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ াāϰ āϏাāϰāĻŖি ā§§ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ-ā§Ļā§­ āϏাāϞে ā§­.ā§Ļā§Ŧ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒি āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻāχ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϜাāύাāĻŽāϤে ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ-ā§Ļā§Ŧ āĻ•ে āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ—āύ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ•াāϜেāχ āϚāϞāϤি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে ā§Ŧ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Ŧ.ā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻšাāϰ āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰে ā§­ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻ•োāĻ া⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĒৌঁāĻ›েāĻ›ে āĻŦāϞে āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻ•āϰা āϤāĻĨ্āϝāϏāĻŽ্āĻŽāϤ āύ⧟। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰāĻ›েāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে ā§­.⧍ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻ…āϰ্āϜিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে। ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āϏাāĻŽā§ŸিāĻ• āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ē-ā§§ā§Ģ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ ⧍⧍.ā§Ļā§­ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ⧍⧧.ā§­ā§Ž āĻļāϤাংāĻļে āύেāĻŽে āĻāϏেāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āĻāχ āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύāϤা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āφāϏাāϰ āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤ  āĻ•োāύ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿāύি। āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āύা āĻŦা⧜াāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āĻ—্āϝাāϏ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĒ্āϰাāχāĻŽাāϰি āĻāύাāϰ্āϜিāϰ āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ, āύিāϰāĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āϏāϰāĻŦāϰাāĻš āύা āĻĨাāĻ•া, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ•্āϰāύি āĻ•্āϝাāĻĒিāϟাāϞিāϜāĻŽ āĻŽুāĻ–ী āύীāϤিāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻ—্āϰāĻšেāϰ āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা⧟ী-āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻĒāϤিāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āφāϚāϰāύ, āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻāϞāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āφāϏ্āĻĨাāĻšীāύāϤাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āϏ্āĻĨāĻŦিāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώিāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāĻ—āϤ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύāĻ“ āĻšā§Ÿāύি। āϏāĻŦ āĻŽিāϞি⧟ে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻŽāύ্āĻĻা āϚāϞāĻ›ে। āĻ…āύেāĻ•ে āĻ­āĻŦিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āφāĻļাāĻŦ্āϝাāĻž্āϜāĻ• āĻŽāύে āύা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒুঁāϜি āĻĒাāϚাāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Š āϏāύে ā§­ā§Ŧ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Š āĻļāϤ ā§Ŧā§§ āĻ•োāϟি ā§Ŧā§Ļ āϞāĻ•্āώ āϟাāĻ•া āĻĒাāϚাāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ›ে। ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§­ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒুঁāϜি āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒাāϚাāϰ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāϏāĻŦ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ ‘āĻ—্āϞোāĻŦাāϞ āĻĢিāύাāύ্āϏি⧟াāϞ āχāύ্āϟিāĻ—্āϰিāϟি’ āϏূāϤ্āϰে āϜাāύা āĻ—েāĻ›ে।

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟি āωāύ্āύ⧟āύāĻļীāϞ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāχ āϚিāϤ্āϰ āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āϭ⧟াāĻŦāĻš। āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻĒুঁāϜি āĻĒাāϚাāϰ āϰোāϧে āύীāϤি āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞāĻ—ুāϞো āϏুāϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿāύি।
āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻĒুঁāϜি āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āϘাāϟāϤি āĻĒুāϰāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤি āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒি āĻšাāϰ ā§Ŧ.ā§Žā§¨ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§­.ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻšাāϰে āωāύ্āύীāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ• āĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻ–াāϤ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻ–াāϤেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļী āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ। āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āϏিāĻĒিāĻĄি āĻŦāϞেāĻ›ে, āĻāχ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϞে ā§Žā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦা⧜āϤি āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āϞাāĻ—āĻŦে। āĻŦা⧜āϤি āϤো āĻĻুāϰেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āϘোāώিāϤ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāχ āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āύ⧟। āϏুāϤāϰাং āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āϏāĻšা⧟āĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻ•āϰে āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–াāϤāĻ•েāχ āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—ে āĻāĻ—ি⧟ে āφāϏাāϰ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰা⧟āĻļāχ āĻ…āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤাāĻĻোāώে āĻĻুāώ্āϟ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ•াāϰāύ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϝাāϰা āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ āϤাঁāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āĻĨাāĻ•ে āύা।

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āĻ—ুāύāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŦ⧜ āϰāĻ•āĻŽেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻŽāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟িāϤ āύা āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻ—ুāύāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύāĻ•ে āϭ⧟াāĻŦāĻš āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻŦāύāϤ āĻ•āϰে। āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ āϏ্āĻŦāϰূāĻĒ, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে āϏা⧜ে āĻāĻ—াāϰো āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া⧟ āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰিāϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽা āϏেāϤুāϰ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻāĻ–āύ ā§¨ā§Ž āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āωāĻĒāϰে āĻŦা⧜াāύো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻŽāĻšাāύāĻ—āϰীāϤে āĻŽāĻ—āĻŦাāϜাāϰ-āĻŽৌāϚাāĻ• āĻĢ্āϞাāχāĻ“āĻ­াāϰ āĻāϰ  āĻĒ্āϰাāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­িāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ ā§Šā§Ēā§Š āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦা⧜ি⧟ে āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļেāώ ā§§ā§¨ā§§ā§Ž āĻ•োāϟি ā§Žā§¯ āϞāĻ•্āώ āϟাāĻ•া āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āϟি āϚাāϰ āϞেāύ āωāύ্āύীāϤāĻ•āϰāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāϏāĻš āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻŦেāϞা⧟āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāϝোāϜ্āϝ। āϤাāĻ›া⧜া āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĢ্āϞাāχāĻ“āĻ­াāϰ āĻ“ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ•েāϰ āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻŦেāĻļী। ā§Šā§§ āĻŽে ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āϤাāϰিāĻ–ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻĻৈāύিāĻ• āĻ•াāϞেāϰ āĻ•āĻŖ্āĻ েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻ•āϞāĻ•াāϤা⧟ āύিāϰ্āĻŽিāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŽা āĻĢ্āϞাāχāĻ“āĻ­াāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ–āϰāϚ ā§Ēā§Ž āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া, āĻŽাāϞা⧟েāĻļি⧟া āĻ“ āϚীāύে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ–āϰāϚ ā§Žā§Ļ-⧝ā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া, āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻĢ্āϞাāχāĻ“āĻ­াāϰে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ–āϰāϚ ā§Šā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া, āĻŽৌāϚাāĻ•-āĻŽাāϞিāĻŦাāĻ— āĻĢ্āϞাāχāĻ“āĻ­াāϰে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ–āϰāϚ ā§§ā§Šā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া, āĻ“ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻšাāύিāĻĢ āĻĢ্āϞাāχāĻ“āĻ­াāϰে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ–āϰāϚ ā§§ā§Žā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĻৈāύিāĻ• āĻŦāύিāĻ• āĻŦাāϰ্āϤাāϰ ā§Ŧ āĻ…āĻ•্āϟোāĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āϏāύেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϰিāĻĒোāϰ্āϟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϜাāύা āϝা⧟, āϚাāϰ āϞেāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āχāωāϰোāĻĒেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ—ā§œে ā§Šā§Ģ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻŦা ā§¨ā§Ž āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āφāϰ āĻĻুāχ āϞেāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϚাāϰ āϞেāύে āωāύ্āύীāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻšā§Ÿ ⧍ā§Ļ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻŦা ⧍ā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āϏাāϞেāϰ āϜাāύু⧟াāϰিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāϰ āύিāĻŽ্āύ āĻ“ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻ†ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏ⧜āĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ, āύāϤুāύ āϚাāϰ āϞেāύেāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻšāĻŦে ⧍⧍ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻŦা ā§§ā§­ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āφāϰ āĻĻুāχ āϞেāύেāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ•āĻ•ে āϚাāϰ āϞেāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟েāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ ā§§ā§Ē.ā§Ģ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻŦা āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা⧟ ā§§ā§§ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। ā§Ēā§Ļāϟি āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āχāĻ•োāύোāĻŽেāϟ্āϰিāĻ• āĻŽāĻĄেāϞ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻ—ā§œ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āύিāϰ্āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। ‘āĻĻ্āϝ āĻ•āϏ্āϟ āĻ…āĻŦ āϰোāĻĄ āχāύāĻĢ্āϰাāϏ্āϟ্āϰাāĻ•āϚাāϰ āχāύ āϞো āĻ…্āϝাāύ্āĻĄ āĻŽিāĻĄāϞ āχāύāĻ•াāĻŽ āĻ•াāύ্āϟ্āϰিāϜ’ āĻļীāϰ্āώāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύāϟি āϝৌāĻĨāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϪ⧟āύ āĻ•āϰেāύ āĻ…āĻ•্āϏāĻĢোāϰ্āĻĄ, āĻ•āϞাāĻŽ্āĻŦি⧟া āĻ“ āĻ—োāĻĨেāύāĻŦাāϰ্āĻ— āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟েāϰ āϤিāύāϜāύ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ•। āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻļী āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ­াāϰāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽীāĻ•্āώা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāĻ›ে, āϚাāϰ āϞেāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা⧟ ⧝.ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Ļ.ā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āϜāĻŽি āĻ…āϧিāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟āĻ“ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ। āϚীāύে āĻāχ āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļি āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা⧟ ⧧⧍ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Š āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āϚাāϰ āϞেāύে āωāύ্āύীāϤāĻ•āϰāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϰংāĻĒুāϰ-āĻšাāϟিāĻ•ুāĻŽāϰুāϞ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻĒ⧜āĻ›ে ā§Ģ⧍ āĻ•োāϟি ā§­ āϞāĻ•্āώ āϟাāĻ•া, āĻĸাāĻ•া-āϏিāϞেāϟ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āϚাāϰ āϞেāύে āωāύ্āύীāϤāĻ•āϰāύে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻĒ⧜āĻ›ে ā§Ģā§Ŧ āĻ•োāϟি ā§Ē āϞāĻ•্āώ āϟাāĻ•া, āĻĸাāĻ•া-āĻŽাāĻ“ā§Ÿা-āĻ­াāĻ™্āĻ—া āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āϚাāϰ āϞেāύে āωāύ্āύীāϤāĻ•āϰāύে āĻ•ি.āĻŽি. āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻĒ⧜āĻ›ে ⧝ā§Ē āĻ•োāϟি ⧝ā§Ļ āϞāĻ•্āώ āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĢāϞে āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦে āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻŦ্āϝা⧟āĻŦāĻšুāϞ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ। āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟েāϰ (āĻŦু⧟েāϟ) āĻāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦেāώāĻŖা⧟ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāĻ›ে, āĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ•িāϞোāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖে āĻ—ā§œে āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻšā§Ÿ ā§Ģ-ā§Ŧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া। āĻĢāϞে āĻĻুāχ āϞেāύেāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāϏ⧜āĻ• āϚাāϰ āϞেāύে āωāύ্āύীāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻ•িāϞোāĻŽিāϟাāϰāĻĒ্āϰāϤি ā§§ā§Ļ-⧧⧍ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা। āϜāύāĻ—āύেāϰ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ•āϰেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āϏāĻĻ্āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻ•ি āύা āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āφāĻŽāϰা āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āωāϤ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি। āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻŦ্āϝ⧟েāϰ āĻ—ুāύ-āĻŽাāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāϟি āĻ…āϤীāĻŦ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।

⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§­ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§§ā§Š āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧧⧍⧧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύাāϧীāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻāϰ āĻŽূāϞāϧāύ āϘাāϟāϤি āĻĒুāϰāύে ⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āϰাāĻ–া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āύি⧟ে āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύাāϧীāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āύāϤুāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āϏিāĻĒিāĻĄি। āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϟি āĻŦāϞāĻ›ে, “āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ā§§ā§Š āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧧⧍⧧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύাāϧীāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āϰাāĻ–া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻ–াāϤেāϰ āĻ āĻĻুāϟি āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰāχ āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏেāĻ–াāύে āĻŦ⧜ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ›া⧜া āĻ¸ā§Ž āĻ•āϰāĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ•োāύোāĻ­াāĻŦেāχ āωāϚিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āύা”। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤা āϏুāĻŦিāĻĻিāϤ। āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāχ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āφāĻŽāϞে āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ ā§§ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āϞুāĻŖ্āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•াāωāĻ•ে āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĒেāϤে āĻšā§Ÿāύি। āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰে āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϏ্āĻŦ āĻšাāϰি⧟ে āĻ•েāω āĻ•েāω āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻšāϤ্āϝাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŦেāĻ›ে āύি⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻĒুঁāϜিāĻŦাāϜাāϰেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāĻ—āϤ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝāχ āĻāχ āϞুāĻŖ্āĻ āύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻŽাāϞিāĻ•াāύাāϧীāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĢোāĻ•āϞা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĒুঁāϜিāϘাāϟāϤিāϤে āĻĒ⧜ে āύিāĻĻাāϰুāύ āĻুঁāĻ•িāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĒুঁāϜিāϘাāϟāϤি āĻĒুāϰāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āϤীāϤেāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻ•াāϰāύে āĻŦ⧜ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ•েāϰ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāϰāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨে āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে।  āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāϤ āĻāχ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻ¸ā§Ž āĻ•āϰāĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϜāϰিāĻŽাāύা āφāϰোāĻĒ āĻ•āϰে āϞুāϟেāϰাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āϰ⧟ āĻĻেāĻŦাāϰ āĻļাāĻŽিāϞ।

āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻ•োāύ āĻ–াāϤ āĻ•ি āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰাāϧাāύ্āϝ āĻĒা⧟ āϏেāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦিāώ⧟। āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖীāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāύāϞা⧟ে। āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāύাāϞ⧟ে āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻ…āĻ—্āϰাāϧিāĻ•াāϰে āϜāύāĻ—āύেāϰ āĻ…āĻ—্āϰাāϧিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āϘāϟে āύা। āĻāϟা āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āϚ⧟āύ āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা। āϏāϤ্āϝিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦāĻļীāϞ āϏংāϏāĻĻ āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে, āϏংāϏāĻĻে āϏুāώ্āĻ ু āĻŦিāϤāϰ্āĻ• āύা āĻšāϞে, āϜāύāϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা⧟ āύা āύিāϞে, āĻ—āĻŖāĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা⧟ āύা āύিāϞে, āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϏ্āĻŦাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āϚাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ•ে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āύা āĻĻিāϞে āĻāĻŦং āϜāύāĻŽāϤ āϜāϰীāĻĒেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϏāĻ িāĻ• āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āϚ⧟āύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§Ÿ āύা। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āϰāϚāύাāϰ āϏ্āϤāϰে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏেāϏāĻŦ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻĒেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āϤাঁāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা⧟ āύে⧟া āĻšā§Ÿāύি।

āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ–াāϤে āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ“ āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻŽিāϞি⧟ে āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϚ্āϚ (ā§§ā§Ē.ā§­%) āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻĻে⧟া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–াāϤ āĻĒিāĻ›ি⧟ে āĻ›িāϞ। āφāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ–াāϤāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻĻেāĻŦাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻŦোāĻা āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–াāϤে āύিāϟ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻ•āϤ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ–াāϤে āύিāϟ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻ•āϤ। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻļুāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ•āϰেāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻĢাঁāĻ• āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে āĻ•ি āύা āϏেāϟাāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ। āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŽাāύ āύি⧟ে āĻŦ⧜ āϰāĻ•āĻŽেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে।  āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĻāϞী⧟āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻāĻŦং āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āωāĻĒāϝোāĻ—ী āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āύা āĻĨাāĻ•াāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻāχ āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­āĻŦ āϘāϟেāĻ›ে। āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–াāϤে āĻŦ⧜ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāϤীāϤ āĻļুāϧু āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āϘāϟাāύো āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝāĻ“ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ। āφāĻ—াāĻŽী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–াāϤে āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒিāϰ āĻ†ā§œাāχ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āϧāϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāϟি āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻŦেāĻļি। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāϰāĻĒāϰāĻ“ āĻāϟি āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻļি⧟াāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻ•āĻŽ।

āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ–াāϤে āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ“ āĻ…āύুāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻŽিāϞি⧟ে āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻĻে⧟া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ ā§Ē.ā§­% āϝা āĻ…āĻ—্āϰাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ āϤাāϞিāĻ•া⧟ ā§§ā§§āϤāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒিāϰ ā§§ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ। āĻāĻŽāύিāϤেāχ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ–াāϤে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻĻুāύি⧟াāϰ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ…āϤি āύিāϚু āϏ্āϤāϰে। āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ–াāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏুāĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻĒা⧟āύি।
āĻ•ৃāώি āĻ–াāϤ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ–াāϤ। āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜāύāĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āĻŦ⧜ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻāχ āĻ–াāϤে āϜ⧜িāϤ। āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϚাāϰে āĻ•ৃāώি āĻ–াāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে ā§§ā§ŠāϤāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে। āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦ⧜ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ•ে āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝāĻļāϏ্āϝে āϏ্āĻŦ⧟ংāϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āϤোāϞা। āĻļāϏ্āϝ āĻ–াāϤ āĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ āĻ•ৃāώিāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϏāĻšāĻ–াāϤেāϰāĻ“ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•ৃāώāĻ• āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝāĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻĒাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা। āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻāĻ• āĻ•েāϜি āĻ—āϰুāϰ āĻ—োāϏ্āϤেāϰ āĻĻাāĻŽে āĻāĻ• āĻŽāύ āϧাāύ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻĢāϏāϞেāϰ āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝāĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ āĻŦাāϜাāϰāϜাāϤāĻ•āϰāύে āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āώ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖেāϰ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāϞিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ। āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻ—ā§œে āϤোāϞাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•ৃāώি āĻ–াāϤে āĻŦা⧜āϤি āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ।

āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āϘাāϟāϤিāĻ“ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒাāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āϘাāϟāϤিāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāύ ⧝⧭ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Žā§Ģā§Š āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āϧāϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āϘাāϟāϤিāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϝোāĻ—াāύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āφāĻļ্āϰ⧟ āύিāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏুāĻĻāĻ“ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϏুāĻĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏ্āϤাāĻŦিāϤ āĻŦাāϜেāϟে ā§§ā§§.ā§­% āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻ āϰাāĻ–া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ–াāϤেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϚাāĻĒ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻāĻ›া⧜া āϘাāϟāϤি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨা⧟āύ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāϏ্āĻĢীāϤিāϰ āĻুঁāĻ•ি āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻ•āϰে। āĻāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟াāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা⧟ āύিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏূāϚিāϤে āĻŦাāϰāĻĻ্āĻĻāĻ•ৃāϤ ⧝⧭ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻļ āĻŽাāϏে ā§Ģā§Ļ.ā§§ā§Ž āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟িāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ…āĻĻāĻ•্āώ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύেāϰ āϧাāϰা⧟ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻļেāώ ⧍ āĻŽাāϏে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ…āĻĒāϚ⧟ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻĒāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻļাāĻŽিāϞ। āĻāĻĄিāĻĒিāϰ āĻ—ুāύāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āĻšāĻŦে āĻĻাāϰুāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϧ।

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻĒāϰিāϏংāĻ–্āϝাāύ āĻŦ্āϝুāϰোāϰ (āĻŦিāĻŦিāĻāϏ) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻļ্āϰāĻŽāĻļāĻ•্āϤি āϜāϰিāĻĒ-⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻ—েāϞ āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§Ŧ āϞাāĻ– āύāϤুāύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻ—ā§œে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§Š āϞাāĻ– āĻŽাāύুāώ āϚাāĻ•āϰি āĻŦা āĻ•াāϜ āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›েāύ। āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦেāĻ•াāϰ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ ⧍ā§Ē āϞাāĻ– āĻŽাāύুāώ। āϏেāχ āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦেāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦে⧜েāĻ›ে ā§Ēā§Ž āϞাāĻ–। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤৃāϤা⧟ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻšীāύ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϏৃāώ্āϟিāϰ āϏুāύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿāύি। āϤāĻŦে āϤিāύি ‘āĻĄেāĻŽোāĻ—্āϰাāĻĢিāĻ• āĻĄিāĻ­িāĻĄেāύ্āĻĄ’ āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ— āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰে āĻŦāϞāϤে āϚে⧟েāĻ›েāύ āĻļ্āϰāĻŽāĻļāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻāχ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ। āϤিāύি āĻ•াāϰিāĻ—āϰি āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ•্āώāύ āϏāĻš āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ•্āώāύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏূāϚীāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻāϟা āϏাāĻĒ্āϞাāχ āϏাāχāĻĄ āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ। āĻāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ āĻĄিāĻŽাāύ্āĻĄ āϏাāχāĻĄāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āϝা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ—ুāύāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύāϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻāĻŦং āĻļ্āϰāĻŽ-āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা āϏৃāώ্āϟিāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে। āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤা āĻ•াāϰো āĻ…āϜাāύা āύ⧟। āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻļ্āϰāĻŽ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āφāχāĻāϞāĻ“  āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āϜাāύু⧟াāϰি-⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻŦিāĻĻা⧟ী āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāĻ“ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ) āφāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āĻšাāϰ āĻ•āĻŽেāĻ›ে। āϚāϞāϤি āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে। āĻāϤে āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āϚāϞāϤি āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে ā§Ē āĻĻāĻļāĻŽিāĻ• ⧍ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻšাāϰে। āĻ āĻ›া⧜া ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§­, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž āĻ“ ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝ āϏাāϞে āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে ā§Ē āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻšাāϰে। āĻāϤে āφāĻŽāϰা āωāĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ—্āύ āύা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĒাāϰি āύা। āφāχāĻāϞāĻ“  āĻāϰ āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āώেāĻĒāĻŖেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤ āϜিāĻĄিāĻĒি āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ• āĻŽেāϞাāύো āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা।

āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύিāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•āϰা ā§Ļ.ā§Ŧ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ•āϰেāϰ āϏ্āĻĨāϞে ā§§.ā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻšাāϰে āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ•āϰ āφāϰোāĻĒে āĻ—āĻ­ীāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ— āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āϤাঁāϰা āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰেāύ, āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞে ā§Š āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻšাāϰে āϤাঁāϰা āϝে āĻŽুāύাāĻĢা āĻ•āϰেāύ āϤাঁāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āϧেāĻ•āϟাāχ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ•āϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ—্āϰাāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āϤাঁāϰা āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰেāύ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ•āϰ āĻŦা⧜াāύোāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ›োāϟ āĻ“ āĻŽাāĻাāϰি āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āĻ•াāϰāĻ–াāύা āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝাāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্āϰিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύিāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āĻ–াāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāϰ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻšাāϰাāĻŦে। āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒি āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϏāĻšাāύুāĻ­ূāϤি āĻĒোāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে। āφāĻŽāϰা āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻĒুāϰো āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟিāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ› āĻ•āϰে āϤোāϞাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ•āϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āĻĻেāĻŦেāύ। āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϏৃāώ্āϟিāĻ•াāϰী āĻ–াāϤ। āĻāχ āĻ–াāϤেāϰ āĻ•োāύāϰূāĻĒ āĻ•্āώāϤি āĻšāϞে āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāύেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦিāϰূāĻĒ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĒ⧜āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϟ āĻ•āϰে āϤুāϞāĻŦে। āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–্āϝ āϝে āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύিāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰāĻ“ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ•āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϝোāϜ্āϝ āĻšāĻŦে। āϤাāχ āĻĒুāϰো āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āϏāĻ•্āϰি⧟ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύাāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦী āϰাāĻ–ে।

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āĻĢোāύ āϏেāĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύāĻ•াāϰী āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāύ্āϤোāώāϜāύāĻ• āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা⧟ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āφāĻĻা⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āύা āĻĒাāϰাāϰ āĻ…āϜুāĻšাāϤে āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āĻĢোāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰāĻ•াāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞাāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ ā§§ā§Ģ% āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ ā§§% āϏাāϰāϚাāϰ্āϜ āĻ“ ā§Ģ% āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒুāϰāĻ• āĻ•āϰ āφāϰোāĻĒেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻāϤে ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞāϞে āĻ—্āϰাāĻšāĻ•āĻ•ে ⧍⧧ āϟাāĻ•া āĻ•āϰ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻšাāϏāĻĒাāϤাāϞে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰ āĻāĻŦং āχāϏিāϜি āĻ“ āφāϞ্āϟ্āϰাāϏāύোāĻ—্āϰাāĻŽে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻš্āϰāϤ āĻ•াāĻ—āϜ āĻāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ•āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦ āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝāϏেāĻŦাāĻ•ে āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟āĻŦāĻšুāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে।  āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ•āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤাāĻŦ āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύাāϰ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āφāĻ›ে।

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻŦাāϜেāϟে āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ, āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰাংāĻļ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝে āφāĻŽāĻĻাāύি āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻāϤে āĻ•āϰে āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦেāχ āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝেāϰ āĻĻাāĻŽ āĻŦা⧜āĻŦে। āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ, āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āϝāύ্āϤ্āϰাংāĻļ, āĻĒ্āϰিāύ্āϟাāϰ, āϏ্āĻ•্āϝাāύাāϰ, āϟোāύাāϰ, āĻ•াāϰ্āϟ্āϰিāϜ, āĻšাāϰ্āĻĄāĻĄিāϏ্āĻ•, āĻŽāĻĄেāĻŽ, āχāωāĻĒিāĻāϏ, āφāχāĻĒিāĻāϏ, āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āϏিāĻŽāϏāĻš āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• ⧍ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦা⧜ি⧟ে ā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϝুāĻŦāϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āϝে āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻāχ āĻ•āϰ āφāϰোāĻĒেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϤাāϤে āĻ­াāϟা āĻĒ⧜āĻŦে। āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—āύে āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻāĻ—ি⧟ে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻāχ āĻ•āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝাāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি, āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏুāώ্āĻ ু āĻāĻŦং āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĻāϞেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻŽুāϞāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϝে āϏংāϏāĻĻ āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āϤেāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏংāϏāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώেāχ āϏāϤ্āϝিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļāĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽ āĻ“ āϜāύāĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻŦাāϜেāϟ āĻ…āύুāĻŽোāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ। āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏংāϏāĻĻেāϰ āϏেāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰ āύেāχ। āφāĻŽāϰা āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰāĻŦ āĻĻেāĻļে āϏāϤ্āϝিāĻ•াāϰ āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŽুāϞāĻ• āϏংāϏāĻĻ āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏুāώ্āĻ ু āĻ“ āύিāϰāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āϜাāϤী⧟ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ।

Sunday, June 5, 2016

Free speech in Bangladesh: Muted by machetes

From The Economist print edition / June 4, 2016

ON APRIL 14th the police prevented Xulhaz Mannan, the editor of Roopbaan, a gay-rights magazine, from organising a “rainbow rally” and arrested several of his supporters. Mr Mannan had argued that if more gay people in Bangladesh were open about their sexuality, their neighbours would learn to accept them. Eleven days later half a dozen men posing as couriers knocked on his door, carrying a parcel full of machetes. They slashed him and a friend to death. A local group affiliated to al-Qaeda claimed responsibility. Promoting tolerance of homosexuality was “American imperialism”, they said.

Bangladesh has become one of the most dangerous places on Earth to suggest in public that gay people might have rights or that Islam might not have all the answers. Since April eight people deemed anti-Islamic have been slaughtered. Rezaul Karim Siddique, a professor who celebrated indigenous music and literature, was all but beheaded on his way to work. Nazimuddin Samad, a young blogger who criticised Islamism, was hacked and shot to death on the street by men shouting “Allahu akbar!”

Bangladesh’s supposedly secular government seems keener to denounce the dead than to catch their killers. “Our society does not allow any movement that promotes unnatural sex,” said the home minister, Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, after Mr Mannan’s murder. Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister, has likened the slain bloggers’ writing to “porn”. Those who silence secular voices with steel are seldom caught. Liberals complain of a culture of impunity. “We are very worried about our lives. Things are not getting better,” frets a surviving colleague of Mr Mannan. “If the government doesn’t support us, naturally the police won’t support us, either.”

The killers are highly motivated and well organised. Some appear to have been inspired by the triumphal snuff videos of Islamic State. The government accuses opposition parties of being behind the campaign of terror, but offers little evidence to support this charge.

Maruf Rosul, a blogger and secular activist, says he gets death threats all the time. They say things like: “You are an atheist pig. We will kill you.” Those making the threats cannot be identified since they use fake Twitter accounts or make phone calls from encrypted sources over the internet. “Last night I got a threat on [my] mobile [phone] from a Middle East number. This is common.” Mr Rosul admits to feeling afraid, but says he is determined to keep “fighting for a society based on pluralism and equal rights”.