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Thursday, May 17, 2018

Satellite tender 2: BRTC manipulates tender evaluation


By David Bergman 
 


The Bangladesh government has in the last few days launched the country's first satellite, named Bangabandhu-1.

Back in May 2012, I wrote a series of three articles for the Bangladesh daily newspaper, The New Age about how the whole process started with serious irregularities in the tender process that resulted in a small US company receiving a $10 million consultancy contract when it did not meet the most basic tender requirements. 

Since the newspaper's website before 2016 is no longer online, I am publishing the articles again. Below is the second of the three reports, published on May 17, 2012. The links to the first article is here: US bid winner doesn't meet tender requirements. The second final article will be published shortly. 

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Bangabandhu Space Satellite Tender-II 

BTRC manipulates evaluation to advantage small US Company

By David Bergman 


The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission manipulated the results of a technical evaluation of tender proposal involving five international companies each of whom were bidding to assist the government in the launch of the country’s first space satellite to ensure that a small US company won the contract. 

A New Age investigation has found that Space Partnership International, which in March 2012 signed a $10 million consultancy contract with the government, only won the tender after another applicant, which had received a much higher score in the technical evaluation, was disqualified in highly contentious circumstances.

Inquiries also show that BTRC was aided in this manipulation by Space Partnership International which provided the regulator with misleading information

This disclosure comes a day after New Age reported that the winning company had not even met the minimum tender requirements and should not have been shortlisted for the technical evaluation.

In May 2011, a seven member evaluation committee led by one of the BTRC’s commissioners, Mallick Sudhir Chandra, and also comprising of three further BTRC staff members and three other non-BTRC government employees, started the process of technically evaluating the proposals of the five short-listed applicants.

According to the BTRC’s version, Space Partnership International, a small US company with barely a dozen employees, was the only applicant to obtain an average of more than 80 marks – requiring only its financial bid to be opened.

New Age can however reveal that one of the other five applicants, the large US public company Globecomm Systems Inc, received a far higher score. 

‘When the scores of all the evaluators were averaged, two of the companies received over 80 marks,’ one of the evaluators told New Age on the basis that his name would not be disclosed fearing repercussions. ‘Space Partnership International received 81 marks, but Globecomm received 92 marks.’

At a meeting of the committee in early June a piece of paper was distributed to the evaluators summarising all the marks given. 

‘I could see that not only had Globecomm received an average of over 90 marks, but that each of the seven members of the committee had given Globecomm over 90 marks,’ this person added. 
Another evaluator confirmed this scoring. 

It is at this stage, that New Age has learnt that the evaluation committee came under pressure from within the BTRC to disqualify Globecomm on the basis that it broke a condition in the tender which prohibited applicants from having tied to satellite manufacturers.

The claim that Globecomm was involved with manufacturing was first made in a letter, dated 8 June 2011 and titled ‘confidential’, which Space Partnership International’s managing director Bruce Krapelsky sent to the BTRC’s evaluation committee chairman.

The letter stated that Globecomm was ‘a manufacturer and supplier of ground-­based systems directly related to the satellite industry.’ 

Krapelsky supported this contention by pointing to wording on Globecomm’s website which refers to the company’s ‘engineering expertise’ having produced ‘a wide range of satellite and wireless terminal products’. 

On the basis of this letter, the evaluation committee disqualified Globecomm. ‘[I]t was found from the contents of [Globecomm’s] website that it was offering satellite earth stations and related equipments as its products,’ it stated. 

However space satellite experts have told New Age that it is not correct to claim that Globecomm was involved in manufacturing. 

Robert Bell, executive director of both the Society of Satellite Progesional International and the World Teleport Association, a US based satellite industry trade association whose members include Globecomm told New Age that, ‘The company is not a manufacturer. It is a system’s integrator.’ 
‘In the space satellite sector, there is a clear distinction between manufacturers who make the components and integrators who buy the already manufactured components and create a system from them,’ he added. ‘I have never heard of Globecomm being talked about as being involved in manufacturing,’

Andrew Smith, the President of Integral Systems Europe Limited, who once worked at Globecomm confirmed this. ‘The company has nothing whatsoever to do with the manufacturing of ground stations. They are not manufacturers but integrators.’ 

New Age can also confirmed that members on the BTRC’s evaluation committee, none of whom have any expertise in the satellite sector, did not seek any expert opinion on the accuracy of Space Partnership International’s claims. 

According to one evaluator, BTRC’s chairman in fact specifically rejected this suggestion at a meeting he arranged with the evaluation committee. 

‘It was suggested that it would be a good idea to get an expert to assess whether Globecomm should be disqualified. But the chairman said there was no time for that,’ a person who was present at the meeting told New Age.

In addition, if reference to ‘producing products’ and ‘engineering’ on a company’s website was the basis for disqualification, the application of Space Partnership International – the company that won – would also have to be under question. 

This is because the website of RKF Engineering Solutions Ltd, the company with which Space Partnership International had applied for the tender, has a whole section titled ‘products and services’ stating that ‘RKF offers a host of products’ and is ‘working with … manufacturers’. 

Globecomm appealed against its disqualification to a procurement review panel in September 2011.

At the hearing, BTRC supported its view that Globecomm had ties with manufacturers by claiming that the company had acquired a ground station division of the satellite manufacturer, Matra Marconi.

In response, Globecomm told the panel that the division purchased in England was not involved in the manufacture of satellites or earth station equipment, and that the subsidiary company that Globecomm had created to run the division was in any case closed down in 2006. 

The review panel however did not believe the company, and ruled that that ‘because Globecomm could not prove one of the vital conditions of the RFP documentarily … it is conclusive proof that Globecomm Systems Inc has a ties/interest with Matra Marconi who is a satellite manufacturer.’ 

Andrew Smith, who used to work for the Matra Marconi division before it was purchased by Globecom however told New Age that, the division ‘had nothing to do with manufacturing of satellite or ground system. It was just involved in earth station system integration.’ In addition, records filed with UK’s ‘Companies House’ corroborate what Globecomm story about the establishment and sale of the company.

Before Space Partnership International could sign the contract, however one further obstacle was placed in BTRC’s way and New Age has discovered that this forced the government regulator to change the actual scoring given by the technical evaluation committee.

‘In the middle of February 2010, six months after all the evaluations were done, I was asked to sign a sheet which had new scoring for Globecomm. In the new sheet, the total scoring for the company was now below 80,’ one of the evaluators told New Age.

This was confirmed by another committee member.

The BTRC changed the scoring as the cabinet’s purchase committee had asked to see the score sheet relating to the disqualified bidder. 

‘There was no meeting of the evaluation committee to consider this. I was told that since Globecomm had a conflict of interest which disqualified it, its technical scoring should be lowered,’ the person added. 

In response to a detailed set of questions about the evaluation process both Bruce Krapelsy, Space Partnership International’s Managing Director and Zia Ahmed, BTRC’s Chairman told New Age that the selection process was conducted ‘properly’ and that the company was selected because it was the best qualified.

Krapelsy said that, ‘Our focus is now on helping BTRC to achieve its objectives with respect to the construction, launch and implementation of the Bangabandhu satellite system.’ 

At an earlier meeting, when asked how such a small company managed to beat much bigger companies, Krapelsy told New Age that, ‘We found our way through as we were clearly the best. We brought a very unique combination of expertise to this project that none of the other players had from a complete perspective.’ 

The BTRC Chairman said that the, ‘Entire responsibility for the evaluation was with the evaluation committee. Whatever they recommended I sent to the government. I was not aware of what was going on with the evaluation.’ 

About whether he placed any pressure on the evaluation committee he said, ‘the Evaluation committee was absolutely free to decide on everything, and my point was only that they should consider all the [tender] requirements.’ 

He said that he did not know what happened at the purchase committee. ‘I was not present, it was the chairman of the assessment panel who attended.’

The chairman of the assessment panel decelined to comment. His term as commissioner ended on April 26, 2012. He is waiting to hear whether he will be reappointed commissioner for another term.

Iftekharuzzaman, executive director of Transparency International Bangladesh told New Age, ‘Before proceeding any further on the project the Government should constitute a full-fledged independent investigation in order to establish, without any bias or influence, if any violations took place, in which case the bidding process should be re-opened and the wrongdoers should be handed exemplary punishment,’

He also called on the US Government to ‘conduct due investigations … in case the US company or any associated quarter has been involved in any malpractice and abuse of power,’ he said, emphasising that the US ambassador was present at the contract signing ceremony.

Source — Bangladesh Politico 

Khaleda Zia corruption conviction: Meritorious or Malicious?


By David Bergman  


What should one make of the prosecution and conviction of Khaleda Zia, the leader of Bangladesh's main opposition party for offences involving alleged embezzlement of around Tk 21 million ($252,000)?

Khaleda Zia, was convicted in February 2018, and is currently in jail serving a five year sentence of imprisonment. In March, the High Court granted her bail pending an appeal, but this order was stayed by the Appellate Division which ruled that it would consider her bail application in a hearing on May 8. This court has now heard arguments and a much delayed decision will be given by the Appellate court on Wednesday.

Is there any merit in the case against her or is this just about malicious politics, to remove her from involvement in the elections as Lord Carlile, a member of her legal team (recently refused entry into Bangladesh) believes?

The context of the prosecution would of course suggest that it is political. Whilst all 15 of the criminal cases lodged against the current prime minister Sheikh Hasina before 2009 whilst she was out of power have been dismissed by the courts, 37 cases remain lodged against Khaleda Zia, the opposition leader. And of course there has been the Awami League government's various actions since 2011, including extra-judicial killings, disappearances and arbitrary arrests. which have sought to repress and weaken the opposition political parties. 

In the first section below, the basic facts of the current case are set out. In the second section, the prosecution allegations which have been accepted by the court are summarised And in the third section, there is an analysis of the prosecution case/conviction

1. Facts of the case
Below are the facts of the case 

The original money

A. In June 1991, a bank account was established in the government Sonali Bank, named, "Prime Minister's Orphanage Fund." It was set up by Dr. Kamal Uddin Siddique, Khaleda Zia's principal secretary.

B. A sum of $1.25 million - equivalent to Tk. 44. 5 million - was placed in the account

Money unused for two years

C. In the two years period, between June 1991 to September 1993, none of the money was disbursed.

Establishment of a Private Trust

D. In September 1993 a Trust named the 'Zia Orphanage Trust', was established with Khaleda Zia's two sons Tarique Rahman and Mr. Arafat Rahman and Khaleda Zia's late husband Ziaur Rahman's sister's son, Mr. Mominur Rahman as its trustees. The address of the trust was the same address where Khaleda Zia resided at the time. Tarique Rahman was appointed as the settlor of the Trust. The account could be operated under the signature of Mr. Tarique Rahman and either one of the other two signatories.

E. On November 13, 1993, the Prime Minister’s Office issued a cheque for Tk. 23 million (signed by Dr Kamal Siddique,) which was deposited in the Zia Orphanage Trust's bank account in Sonali Bank. (The remaining half of the money was put into a different Trust and is not relevant to this case)

Money continues to be unused for a further 13 years

F. For another 13 years, between 1993 to 2006, the money continued to be unused.

G. After accruing interest, by April 2006, the money was worth Tk33.7 million. 

Money moved to Prime Bank

H. In the four months between April and July 2006, the trustees issued a total of six cheques, worth Tk 33 million depositing them into a number of different bank accounts which were opened in Prime Bank, a private bank.

- A total of Tk 23 million was placed in three separate bank accounts (Tk 10 million, Tk 8 million and TK 5 million) each named Zia Orphanage Trust

- Tk 10 million was placed in the account of Salimul Haque. Haque was a businessman, a BNP MP at the time, and chairman of Prime Bank itself.

New Authority given to operate bank accounts

I. The Trustees passed a resolution on March 28, 2006 which conferred authority on:

- someone called MS Rahman to operate two of the bank accounts in the name of the Zia Ophanage Trust with a total of Tk 13 million (Tk 5 million and Tk 8 million). These two accounts remain operative.

- Salimul Haque to operate another two of the bank accounts - one which was in the name of Zia Orphanage Trust with a total of Tk 10 million, and the other account, which was held in his own name worth Tk10 million

More new accounts set up

J. In another resolution on October 15, 2006, the Trustees set up two new accounts in another branch within Prime Bank - one in the name of Gias Uddin Ahmed and another in the joint name of Salimul Haque and Syed Ahmed. 

K. Tk 10 million was moved from one of the existing Zia Orphanage accounts into Gias Uddin's account; and Tk 10 million was moved from the account of Salimul Haque into the new joint account of  Salimul Haque and Syed Ahmed. 

L. On February 7, 2007, the money was removed from the joint account of Salimul Haque and Syed Ahmed and  put into a new account in the sole name of Gias Uddin Ahmed. 

Money given to Shorfuddin Ahmed 

M. At this point, Gias Uddin controlled both accounts  In the form of six pay orders, Giasuddin then took the money out from the two accounts (which with interest now totalled Tk 21.07 million) and on March 28, 2007 deposited the money in the current account of Shorfuddin Ahmed which was located in the same bank. 

2. The prosecution allegation

Why does the prosecution/court consider that these facts amount to a crime? They argue that:

A. Khaleda Zia authorised the Tk. 44. 5 million to be deposited in June 1991 in the Sonali Bank account named the Prime Minister Orphanage Fund; 

B. The money was intended to be given to the government and was placed in a government bank account, the Prime Minister Orphanage Fund; 

C. Two years later, Khaleda Zia authorised Tk 23 million of the money to moved into a new bank account belonging to a private Trust called Zia Rahman Orphanage Trust whose Trustees were her two sons and nephew.

D. This transfer was illegal as the money was government money. This was the beginning of the process of embezzlement by Khaleda Zia. 

E. Although Khaleda Zia was not a trustee, she continued to have authority over the Trust and what happened to the money; 

F. Khaleda Zia was involved in all the subsequent actions (set out in detail above) involving the trust including;

- moving the money to prime bank; 
- setting up new accounts in the names of various people
- moving the money between accounts
 which finally resulted in Tk22.1 million of the money transferring into the private account of Shorfuddin Ahmed.

G. The transfer of the money to Shorfuddin Ahmed was the culmination of the embezzlement

The defence argument

A. The money came from the Emir of Kuwait and the initial account in Sonali Bank was set up on the initiative of Mustafizur Rahman (the then Foreign Minister) and that Khaleda Zia did not sign any document relating to the opening of this account nor did she operate it. 

B. The account was in all intents and purposes a private account and the term "prime minister" in the account name referred to the person, not to the office of the Prime Minister. The defence have produced a letter - though this was not given to the court - that purports to come from the Kuwait embassy that states, that "the donation was given to the Zia Orphanage Trust". This is the name of the private trust set up in 1993. The defence argue that by implication the money was not meant to be given to the government but to this private Trust. 

C. There is no documentary evidence that in 1993 Khaleda Zia was involved in transferring the money from the Sonali Bank account to the bank account of the new Trust. 

D. Khaleda Zia was not a trustee of the Trust and had no authority over decisions made by the Trust, so she cannot be held responsible for what happened to the money between 1993 and 2007 

E. The Trust gave the money to Shorfuddin as payment of land to be used for an Orphanage 

F. Shorfuddin gave the money back to the Trust following an order of a court in unconnected proceedings.


3. Analysis

There would certainly seem legitimate reasons why investigators might be suspicions about this particular pot of money. 

First, in the seventeen years, between 1991 (when the money was first given) and 2008 (when the investigation into the case started) none of the money was used for the purposes for which is was provided, that is to assist Orphans. 

Secondly, in 2006 and 2007, the Trust set up a series of new accounts in different people names, moved the money around these accounts, and finally put Tk 21 million (out of the Tk 33 million) into an account belonging to a particular person - who took the money out.

Why, one could ask, would a private orphanage trust, if it was legitimate, not spend any of its money on orphans for 15 years? At the very least this is surely serious dereliction of duty on the part of those entrusted with the money, and in particular the Trustees who were given responsibility for it in the previous 15 years. 

And why would a legitimate private Trust set up a series of new bank accounts, some under different people's names, and transfer its money between them in the way that it did? 

There does seem something rather fishy about all this. 

However, it is one thing to say that there seems gross failure in the utilisation of money - which there clearly was - and quite another thing to argue that Khaleda Zia has committed a criminal offence of embezzlement.

The prosecution case against Khaleda can be divided into two parts; the allegation that government money was transferred to a private trust in 1993; and then the claim that some of the money in the private Trust was embezzled by Khaleda Zia through various account transfers that took place in 2006/7.

Government to private money?

Was the money given by the Kuwait Emir a donation to the government or a donation to a private trust? This is a crucial matter as the prosecution's whole argument is based around the claim that government money was illegally removed and transferred into a private Trust.

At first glance it may seem obvious that the Kuwait Emir's donation was given to the Bangladesh 'government ' since it was put into an account called "The Prime Minister's Orphanage Fund." However, this may not have been the intention of the the Kuwait Emir, since a letter from the country's embassy dated  August 11, 2015 states that "the donation was given to the Zia Orphanage Trust". 

The Zia Orphanage Trust was created two years after the Kuwaiti Emir gave the money - so the meaning of the letter is confusing. However it is certainly possible to read this letter as meaning that the Kuwait government had agreed in 1991 that the money would be put into a private Trust, known as The Zia Orphanage Trust, and not given to the government. If this is so, then the initial placing of the money into an account named The Prime Minister's Orphanage Fund may well have simply been a stop-gap measure, and was not meant to be government money. 

One does not know for certain what were the intentions of the Kuwait Government - and this is because the investigators never sought to inquire from whom the money came, yet alone what was the intention of the Kuwait Emir. 

Section 405 of the Penal Code, the offence for which the opposition leader has been convicted, requires evidence of "misappropriation". But if the Emir of Kuwait intended that the money would be placed in a private trust, there would be no misappropriation .

It is difficult to see how a prosecution of this kind could take place - of indeed how a court could have reached the conclusions it did - without the authorities first making these inquiries.

Subsequent embezzlement

Was the money embezzled, and if so, was the money embezzled by Khaleda Zia?

The criminal court ruled, on the basis of the prosecution argument that, the embezzlement took place when Tk 21 million was transferred into the account of Shorfuddin Ahmed. It may well indeed be the case that this financial transfer was part of a criminal plan to steal the money - however the prosecution do not substantiate this claim very well. 

- it does not respond or engage at all with the defence argument that this money was part of a deal to buy property for the Orphanage. 

- it does not deal with the defence claim that because of a problem in the sale, and as a result of an unconnected court action, the money was apparently returned to the Trust account in 2007, before the investigation into the case started.

In addition, even if it can be proven that the money was transferred to Shorfuddin Ahmed's account in order to steal it - the prosecution provided no evidence that Khaleda Zia had any knowledge or involvement in any of the transfers that took place in 2006/7 and in particular the one to his account.* 

She was not a Trustee and the prosecution provided no evidence to support the contention that she was involved in making any decisions involving the Trust. 

It is true that one may have good reason to suspect that she could have had some influence over the decisions - the Trustees were Khaleda's two sons and her nephew, and the address of the Trust was also the family's home address where Khaleda also lived - but there is no direct evidence. The claim is supposition, and the prosecution/court do not engage with this lack of evidence simply stating as fact that Khaleda was part of the Trustee's decision-making process without providing any evidence.

This final argument would of course not exonerate the Trustees who did give clear authority about the transfer of the money to Shorfuddin Ahmed - but this would still first require the prosecution to clearly show that the money given to the Emir was intended to be given to the government and not to a private trust also that the transfer to Shorfuddin Ahmed was not intended to be used for the purposes of buying property for the Orphanage.

Conclusion

There is no doubt that serious questions are raised about the use or lack of use of this fund of money - and at the very least the Emir of Kuwait should be furious at the failure of the BNP opposition family to spend the money. The failure itself to use the money for the purpose it was given does raise questions as to whether there were any criminal intentions on the part of the Trustees.

However, moving from suspicion to criminal prosecution is a different matter, and it is clear there have been significant weaknesses in the current prosecution case which raise questions about whether legal action against Khaleda Zia was at all justified.   A much stronger case could be made against the Trustees - but even then there needs to be much greater clarity how the final transfer to Shorfuddin Ahmed was an attempt at embezzlement. And the prosecution have not yet shown that.
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* Indeed, all in all, there is very little evidence linking Khaleda Zia to decisions involving the money from the Emir of Kuwait. In relation to the money going into the Prime Minister's Orphanage Fund in 1991, and then from the Fund to the Trust in 1993, there is no documentation supporting the claim that the movement of money was based on an instruction from Khaleda Zia. Indeed a number of civil servants present in the prime minister's office between 1991-3 confirmed this in oral testimony before the court. So for example, one stated, "Nowhere in the bank account, in the records received from the Prime Minister’s office and in the register of Prime Minister’s Orphanage Fund, there is a signature of Begum Khaleda Zia, nor is her name mentioned."

One assumes that the basis to the claim that Khaleda Zia was involved in these transfers of money is through implication - in that she must have been so involved as they were done by her private secretary. In addition there is testimony of one civil servant - which was in opposition to other evidence heard at the Trial - who said that, "The original file of the orphanage fund in its note sheet had the approval and signature of the Hon'ble Prime Minister."

Courtesy  —   Bangladesh Politico

āĻŦিāϰোāϧী āĻĻāϞী⧟ āύেāϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāϟāĻ•ে āωāĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ—্āύ āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ

āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰেāϰ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āϏāĻšা⧟āϤা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āχāωāĻāϏāĻāφāχāĻĄিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ• āĻ—্āϰিāύ āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ, āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ āĻ“ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ…āĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝাāĻŦোāϧেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ। āĻŦāύ্āϧুāĻĻেāϰ āĻ–োāϞাāĻŽেāϞা āĻ“ āφāύ্āϤāϰিāĻ•āϤাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ। āĻŦিāϰোāϧী āĻĻāϞী⧟ āύেāϤৃāĻŦৃāύ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāϟāĻ• āĻ“ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿāϰাāύি āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻŦāύ্āϧু āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϤ āφāĻŽāϰাāĻ“ āωāĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ—্āύ। āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āĻŦāϞে āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦāĻļীāϞ āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻŽে⧟াāĻĻি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻ—āϤিāϰ āĻ…āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻ্āϝ āĻ…ংāĻļ। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏুāώ্āĻ ু, āĻ…āĻŦাāϧ āĻ“ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ, āϝা āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āϘāϟাāĻŦে।

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āϏāĻĢāϰ āĻļেāώে āφāϜ āφāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāύ āĻ•্āϞাāĻŦে āĻ†ā§ŸোāϜিāϤ āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύে āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ• āĻ—্āϰিāύ āĻ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞেāύ। āĻ āϏāĻĢāϰāĻ•াāϞে āϤিāύি āĻ•āĻ•্āϏāĻŦাāϜাāϰে āϰোāĻšিāĻ™্āĻ—া āĻ•্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒ āĻĒāϰিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ āĻĻিāύে āĻ•ংāĻ—্āϰেāϏāĻŽ্āϝাāύ, āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāĻĻূāϤ āĻ“ āĻŽিāϞিāύি⧟াāĻŽ āϚ্āϝাāϞেāĻž্āϜ āĻ…্āϝাāĻ•াāωāύ্āϟেāϰ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄ āĻ…āĻŦ āĻĄিāϰেāĻ•্āϟāϰেāϰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĒাāϞāύāĻ•াāϰী āĻ—্āϰিāύ āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦāĻļাāϞী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ।
  • āĻ•াāϰ্āϟেāϏিঃ āύ⧟াāĻĻিāĻ—āύ্āϤ/āĻŽে ā§§ā§­, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž   

āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻĢাঁāĻ•ি - ā§Ēā§­ā§§ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϞুāĻ•ি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ

āφāĻŦ্āĻŦাāϏ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻিāύ āύ⧟āύ 

āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻĢাঁāĻ•ি āĻĻিāϤে āĻ›ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ ā§Ēā§­ā§§ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰিāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϞুāĻ•ি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ āϏিāϰাāĻŽিāĻ• āχāύ্āĻĄাāϏ্āϟ্āϰিāϜ āϞিāĻŽিāϟেāĻĄ। āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟি ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§­ āϏাāϞ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Žā§¨ā§Ŧ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰি āĻ•āϰāϞেāĻ“ ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Šā§Ģā§Ģ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰিāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻ•āϰে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ•ে āĻŦ⧜ āĻ…ংāĻ•েāϰ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻĢাঁāĻ•ি āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻŦāϞে āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āϜাāϤী⧟ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄ (āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰ)।

āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ āϏিāϰাāĻŽিāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ“ āĻ•াāϰāĻ–াāύা⧟ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύ āϚাāϞি⧟ে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ—োāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻĒা⧟ āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰ। āĻ—োāĻĒāύāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟āĻŽূāϞ্āϝেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰāĻ• āĻļুāϞ্āĻ•, āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏংāϝোāϜāύ āĻ•āϰ (āĻŽূāϏāĻ•) āĻ“ āϏুāĻĻāϏāĻš ā§§ā§Žā§Š āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•া āĻĻাāĻŦিāύাāĻŽা āĻĒাāĻ াāύোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āύিāϚ্āĻ›ে āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϟি।

āϜাāύা āĻ—েāĻ›ে, āĻ•াāϏ্āϟāĻŽāϏ, āĻāĻ•্āϏাāχāϜ āĻ“ āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύাāϰেāϟ āĻĸাāĻ•া āωāϤ্āϤāϰেāϰ āφāĻ“āϤাāϧীāύ āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ āϏিāϰাāĻŽিāĻ• āχāύ্āĻĄাāϏ্āϟ্āϰিāϜ āϞিāĻŽিāϟেāĻĄেāϰ āĻ āĻ…āύি⧟āĻŽ āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰেāϰ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āύিāϰীāĻ•্āώা, āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻা āĻ“ āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ। āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āϚাāϞাāύ āύা āĻĻি⧟েāχ āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ āϏিāϰাāĻŽিāĻ• āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰি āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻāĻŽāύ āϤāĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϟিāϤে āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύ āϚাāϞা⧟ āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰিāĻ­েāύ্āϟিāĻ­ āϟিāĻŽ।

āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤাāϰা āĻŦāϞāĻ›েāύ, āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ āϏিāϰাāĻŽিāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āϚাāϞাāύ āύা āĻĻি⧟ে āĻĒāĻŖ্āϝ āϏāϰāĻŦāϰাāĻš āĻ—োāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āύিāϰীāĻ•্āώা, āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻা āĻ“ āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰāĻ•ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻে⧟া āĻšā§Ÿ। āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāύা āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻĻāϞ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ। āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύāĻ•াāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟিāϰ āĻ—াāϜীāĻĒুāϰেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻ–াāύা āĻ“ āϰাāϜāϧাāύীāϰ āĻšাāϤিāϰāĻĒুāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āĻĻাāĻ–িāϞāĻĒāϤ্āϰ, āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ“ āφāύুāώāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ• āĻ•াāĻ—āϜāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰিāĻ­েāύ্āϟিāĻ­ āϟিāĻŽ। āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āϚাāϞাāύāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϝাāϚাāχ āĻ•āϰে āĻ›ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ›āϰে ā§Ēā§­ā§§ āĻ•োāϟি āϟাāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ—োāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŽেāϞে। āĻ—োāĻĒāύāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟āĻŽূāϞ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟিāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰāĻ• āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻ“ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻ ā§§ā§§ā§Ē āĻ•োāϟি ā§Žā§¨ āϞাāĻ– āĻāĻŦং āϏুāĻĻ āĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻ ā§Ŧā§Ž āĻ•োāϟি ā§­ā§Ŧ āϞাāĻ– āϟাāĻ•া āĻŽিāϞে āĻŽোāϟ ā§§ā§Žā§¨ āĻ•োāϟি ā§Ģā§Ž āϞাāĻ– āϟাāĻ•া āĻĻাāĻŦিāύাāĻŽা āϜাāϰি āϚূ⧜াāύ্āϤ āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟ে āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāύা āĻĒেāϞেāχ āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϟিāĻ•ে āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāύোāϰ āύোāϟিāϏāϏāĻš āĻĻাāĻŦিāύাāĻŽা āϜাāϰি āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻ•াāϏ্āϟāĻŽāϏ, āĻāĻ•্āϏাāχāϜ āĻ“ āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύাāϰেāϟ āĻĸাāĻ•া āωāϤ্āϤāϰ।

āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞেāϰ āĻ āĻ…āύি⧟āĻŽেāϰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āϜাāύāϤে āϚাāχāϞে āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰেāϰ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āύিāϰীāĻ•্āώা, āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻা āĻ“ āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰেāϰ āĻŽāĻšাāĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāĻ• āφ āĻĢ āĻŽ āφāĻŦ্āĻĻুāϞ্āϞাāĻš āĻ–াāύ āĻŦāĻŖিāĻ• āĻŦাāϰ্āϤাāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞেāύ, āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟিāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞ⧟ে āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟ āĻ“ āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ-āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āϚাāύ। āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϟিāϰ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰা āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āϝেāϏāĻŦ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ-āωāĻĒাāϤ্āϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ, āϏেāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āφāĻ—ে āϏংāĻ—ৃāĻšীāϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝেāϰ āĻ—āϰāĻŽিāϞ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝা⧟। āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāϰ্āĻ­াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϏংāĻ—্āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰে āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϟিāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻŦ⧜ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ…āύি⧟āĻŽেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ—েāĻ›ে। āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻĒ্āϰেāĻ•্āώিāϤে āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻĻāϰ্āĻļাāύোāϰ āύোāϟিāϏেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻ•ে⧟া āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āφāĻĻা⧟ে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻ•াāϏ্āϟāĻŽāϏ āĻ“ āĻ­্āϝাāϟ āφāĻĒিāϞাāϤ āϟ্āϰাāχāĻŦ্āϝুāύাāϞে āĻŽাāĻŽāϞা āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āφāχāύ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।

āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰ āĻŦāϞāĻ›ে, āĻ—োāĻĒāύāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻŽূāϏāĻ•āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ•্āϰ⧟āĻŽূāϞ্āϝেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏংāϝোāϜāύ āĻ•āϰ āφāχāύ, ⧧⧝⧝⧧-āĻāϰ ā§Š, ā§Ŧ, ā§­, ā§Šā§§, ā§Šā§¨ āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āχ āφāχāύেāϰ āĻŦিāϧি ā§§ā§Ŧ, ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻ“ ā§¨ā§Š āĻāĻŦং āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϜ্āĻžাāĻĒāύ ā§§ā§­ā§­/⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϟিāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে ā§§ā§§ā§Ē āĻ•োāϟি ā§Ē⧍ āϞাāĻ– āϟাāĻ•া āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰ। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰāĻ• āĻļুāϞ্āĻ• āĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻ ā§Ģā§Š āĻ•োāϟি ā§Ēā§Ļ āϞাāĻ– āĻ“ āĻŽূāϏāĻ• āĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻ ā§Ŧā§§ āĻ•োāϟি ā§Ē⧍ āϞাāĻ– āϟাāĻ•া āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ•āχ āφāχāύেāϰ ā§Šā§­(ā§Š)-āĻāϰ āĻŦিāϧাāύ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ী āĻŦāĻ•ে⧟া āϰাāϜāϏ্āĻŦে āĻŽাāϏিāĻ• ⧍ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻšাāϰে āϏুāĻĻ āĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻ āφāϰো ā§Ŧā§Ž āĻ•োāϟি ā§­ā§Ŧ āϞাāĻ– āϟাāĻ•া āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāϟি।

āĻ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āϜাāύāϤে āĻ—্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ā§ŸাāϞ āϏিāϰাāĻŽিāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāĻ• āĻļাāĻŽāϏুāϞ āĻšুāĻĻাāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϝোāĻ—াāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϤিāύি āĻ•োāύো āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻĻিāϤে āϰাāϜি āĻšāύāύি। āϤāĻŦে āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤা āĻŦāϞেāύ, āĻāύāĻŦিāφāϰেāϰ āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻা āĻĻāϞ āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āĻ•āϰেāχ āĻ•াāϰāĻ–াāύা āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞ⧟ে āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰে। āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύে āĻ—ো⧟েāύ্āĻĻাāϰা āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϰ āĻĻে⧟া āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āύা āĻ•āϰে āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ–āύ āφāχāύ āĻ…āύুāϝা⧟ীāχ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āύেāĻŦে āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύি।

  • āĻ•াāϰ্āϟেāϏিঃ āĻŦāύিāĻ• āĻŦাāϰ্āϤা/ āĻŽে ā§§ā§­, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž

Harassment at land offices

EDITORIAL


Speed up digitisation of land records


A recent hearing organised by the Anti-Corruption Commission on the harassment people faced when visiting land offices for tax and mutation issues brought out a plethora of complaints that ranged from non-cooperation to the issue of graft. We have written on this issue many times. The vast majority of service-seekers are common people as land is the most contentious of issues and they are given the runaround despite producing valid documents to prove ownership when it comes to mutation.

What has come to light from the hearing is that there are systemic problems related to the demand for bribes and other fraudulent activities. Service-seekers are given the runaround in many land offices on one pretext or another and those seeking redress may end up wasting months, if not years, in the hope of sorting out land-related issues. There is a general lack of professionalism in these offices and no real effort to improve efficiency.

Our land record system follows an antiquated system that British colonial rulers introduced—starting from surveys to property taxes. The various ministries that oversee the records system have little coordination. Because land deeds are still prepared by hand, there are bound to be mistakes. And this opens the door for corruption, which is where brokers come in to move papers faster.

The only way out of this quagmire is to speed up the digitisation of land records, which was initiated in 2011 and will allow authorities, landowners or buyers to have access to documents in an online database.

  • Courtesy: The Daily Star/ Editorial/ May 17, 2018

āĻ–ুāϞāύা āϏিāϟিāϤে ‘āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ’ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āϰূāĻĒ

āĻ–ুāϞāύা āϏিāϟি āĻ•āϰāĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ›িāϞ āĻāχ āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা। āĻ•োāύো āĻĻাāĻ™্āĻ—া-āĻšাāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻŽা āύা āĻŦাāϧি⧟ে āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖে āϰেāĻ–ে āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĒāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āϚেāĻĒে āϧāϰে āĻ­োāϟ āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝ āĻāχ āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āφāĻ—ে āĻĻেāĻ–েāύি।
āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύāĻ•ে āϏুāώ্āĻ ুāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāχ āĻ›িāϞ-āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ, āϰ‍্āϝাāĻŦ, āĻŦিāϜিāĻŦি, āĻŽ্āϝাāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰেāϟ āĻ“ āϟāĻšāϞ। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻāϜেāύ্āϟ āĻŦেāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āĻĻāϞ āĻŦেঁāϧে āĻŦুāĻĨে āĻĸুāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟে āϏিāϞ āĻŽাāϰা, āĻŦাāĻŦাāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āĻĻāϞ āĻŦেঁāϧে āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āĻ­োāϟাāϰāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ্āϝে āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟে āϏিāϞ āĻŽাāϰāϤে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻ•āϰা, āĻĻুāĻĒুāϰেāϰ āφāĻ—েāχ āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟ āĻļেāώ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸাāϏāĻš āύাāύা āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟেāĻ›ে। āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻ›িāϞ āύীāϰāĻŦ āĻĻāϰ্āĻļāĻ•েāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া⧟। āĻ•োāĻĨাāĻ“ āĻ•োāĻĨাāĻ“ āĻ›িāϞ āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া⧟।

āĻāχ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤাāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āϤāĻĢāϏিāϞ āϘোāώāĻŖাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āφāχāύāĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āϰāĻ•্āώাāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦাāĻšিāύী āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āĻ…āϧীāύে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āϤাāϰা āϏেāĻ­াāĻŦে āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύি। āĻĢāϞে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āĻ“ āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻĻিāύ āύাāύা āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϞেāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύ āĻŦেāĻļিāϰ āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻ•োāύো āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύি।


āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āϞāĻŦাāϰ āϏāĻ•াāϞে āĻ­োāϟ āĻļুāϰুāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāϜেāύ্āϟ āĻŦেāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āφāϏāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻ—ুāϞোāϤে āĻ­োāϟাāϰ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি āĻ›িāϞ āĻ­াāϞো। āĻŦিāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ›া⧜া āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻ“ āĻ­াāϞো āĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽূāϞāϤ āĻŦেāϞা āϏা⧜ে ā§§ā§§āϟা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻĒাāϞ্āϟাāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻĻāϞেāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāϰা āĻĸুāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟে āϏিāϞ āĻŽেāϰে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϏ āĻ­āϰ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে। āϝেāϏāĻŦ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে, āϤা āφāϧāϘāĻŖ্āϟাāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏ্āĻĨা⧟ী āĻ›িāϞ āύা। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āϤাāϰা āϏāϟāĻ•ে āĻĒ⧜ে, āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻŦুāĻে āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻĢিāϰে āφāϏে। āϤাāϰা āĻĢিāϰে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰ āφāχāύāĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āϰāĻ•্āώাāĻ•াāϰী āĻŦাāĻšিāύী āϏāĻ•্āϰি⧟ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āϰāĻ•্āώাāϰ āύাāĻŽে। āϤāϤāĻ•্āώāĻŖে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ­োāϟাāϰ āφāϤāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻ›া⧜েāύ। āφāϰ, āĻāϏāĻŦ āϚāϞে āĻŦেāϞা āϏা⧜ে ā§§ā§§ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĻুāĻĒুāϰ āϏা⧜ে ⧧⧍āϟা⧟ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻŦেāĻļি। āϤāĻŦে āĻļেāώ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āφāϏāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻĢāϞে āĻĻুāĻĒুāϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ“āχ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āϤেāĻŽāύ āĻ­োāϟাāϰ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟āύি।

āĻŦেāĻļিāϰ āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻĻāϞেāϰ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āϞোāĻ•āϜāύ āĻĻāϞী⧟ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻ“ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟেāχ āϏিāϞ āĻŽাāϰে। āϏিāϞ āĻŽাāϰা āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻĒ⧜ে āĻĨাāĻ•āϤেāĻ“ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāĻ›ে। āϝা āĻĒāϰে āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāϰা āĻ•্āϝাāĻŽেāϰা⧟ āϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ।


āĻŦুāĻĨ āĻĻāĻ–āϞ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āϏিāϞ āĻŽাāϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻĒāϰে āĻ“āχ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻ­োāϟ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āϏ্āĻĨāĻ—িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। ā§Šā§§ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ, āĻ–ুāϞāύা, ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽে। āĻ›āĻŦি: āϟিāĻĒু āϏুāϞāϤাāύ

āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϞোāϰ āφāϟāϜāύ āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽী āĻĻিāύāĻ­āϰ ā§Žā§Ļāϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āϘুāϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ— āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ— āĻ“ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—ী āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āύেāϤা-āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāĻĻেāϰ āϜāϟāϞা āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟। āϤাঁāϰা āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāϤ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļāĻŽুāĻ– āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻ­োāϟাāϰ, āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻ• āϝে-āχ āφāϏুāύ, āϤাঁāϰা āύāϜāϰāĻĻাāϰি āĻ•āϰেāύ।

ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύেāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟, āĻ…āύ্āϤāϤ ā§Ģā§Ēāϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে। āĻ–ুāϞāύাāϰ āĻ–াāϞিāĻļāĻĒুāϰেāϰ ā§§ā§Ļ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āύ⧟াāĻŦাāϟি āĻšাāϜি āĻļāϰী⧟āϤāωāϞ্āϞাāĻš āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāĻĒীāĻ  āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŽোāϟ āĻ­োāϟাāϰ ā§§ā§Žā§§ā§­ āϜāύ। āĻ­োāϟ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āĻļেāώে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāϞ, āĻāχ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ›া⧜া āĻŦাāĻ•ি āϏāĻŦাāχ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›েāύ। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āύৌāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›েāύ ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§§ā§§ā§Ē āĻ­োāϟ। āϧাāύেāϰ āĻļীāώ āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›ে ā§Šā§­ā§Š āĻ­োāϟ। āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻšাāϰ ⧝⧝ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽিāĻ• ⧝ā§Ē āĻļāϤাংāĻļ।

āĻ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āĻšাāϰে āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে āφāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে। āĻ–াāϞিāĻļāĻĒুāϰেāϰāχ ā§§ā§Ļ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŽাāĻ“āϞাāύা āĻ­াāϏাāύী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāĻĒীāĻ  āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে (āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāĻ­āĻŦāύেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āϤāϞা) āĻŽোāϟ āĻ­োāϟাāϰ ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Š āϜāύ। āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ēā§Ŧā§­āϟি। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āύৌāĻ•া āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›ে ⧝⧝⧭ āĻ­োāϟ। āϧাāύেāϰ āĻļীāώেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে ā§Šā§¯ā§Ļ। āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻšাāϰ ⧝⧭ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽিāĻ• ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ।


āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›েāύ āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻĒোāϞিং āĻāϜেāύ্āϟ। āϤāĻŦে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ›িāϞ āύা āĻ…āύ্āϝ āĻ•োāύো āĻĻāϞেāϰ āĻĒোāϞিং āĻāϜেāύ্āϟ। āĻāχāϚ āφāϰ āĻāχāϚ āĻĒ্āϰিāύ্āϏ āφāĻ—াāĻ–াāύ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟, āĻ–ুāϞāύা, ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽে। āĻ›āĻŦি: āϏাāχāĻĢুāϞ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ

āύāϤুāύ āĻŦাāϜাāϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŽোāϟ āĻ­োāϟাāϰ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ž। āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে ā§§ā§Šā§­ā§Žāϟি। āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻšাāϰ ⧝⧧ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽিāĻ• ā§Šā§Ž āĻļāϤাংāĻļ।

āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻ–ুāϞāύা āϏিāϟি āĻ•āϰāĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύে āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻ—ā§œ āĻšাāϰ ā§Ŧ⧍ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽিāĻ• ⧧⧝ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ। āϤিāύāϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে ⧝ā§Ļ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে। ā§Žā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ­োāϟ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে ā§Š āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে। āĻ›ā§Ÿāϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে ā§Žā§Ļ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে। ā§­ā§Ģ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে ⧧⧍ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে। ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে ā§­ā§Ļ āĻļāϤাংāĻļেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি।

āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻĻিāύ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āύাāύা āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰীāϤিāĻ•āϰ āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟে। āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āĻŦāϏুāĻĒা⧜া⧟ āύুāϰাāύি āĻŦāĻšুāĻŽুāĻ–ী āĻŽাāĻĻ্āϰাāϏা āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĻāϞেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύী⧟ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āύেāϤাāϰ āĻšাāϤে āĻ…āĻĒāĻĻāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšāύ। āϤিāύি āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āĻŽোāĻŦাāχāϞ āĻĢোāύে āϤাঁāϰ āϊāϰ্āϧ্āĻŦāϤāύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϘāϟāύাāϏ্āĻĨāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϜাāύি⧟েāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•াāϰ āύা āĻĒে⧟ে āύিāϜেāχ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦেāϰি⧟ে āϝাāύ। āϤāĻ–āύ āĻĒেāĻ›āύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϤাঁāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āϧাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ āϏāĻŦ āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻ…āύāϤিāĻĻূāϰে āύৌāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āϏ্āĻĨা⧟ী āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύী āĻ•াāϰ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ›িāϞ। āϏāĻ•াāϞ āϏাāϤāϟা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏা⧜ে āϏাāϤāϟাāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤাঁāϰা āϏেāĻ–াāύে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύেāύ। āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻĒোāϞিং āĻāϜেāύ্āϟāϰা āϏেāĻ–াāύে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĒাāύ। āĻ…āύেāĻ•ে āĻļাāϰীāϰিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āφāϘাāϤ āĻŦা āĻ…āĻĒāĻŽাāύ-āĻ…āĻĒāĻĻāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšā§Ÿে āϏেāĻ–াāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĢিāϰে āĻ—েāĻ›েāύ। āĻ—āĻŖāĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽেāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāϰা āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›াāϰ āφāĻ—েāχ, āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϏāĻ•াāϞ āφāϟāϟা⧟ āĻ­োāϟ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻļুāϰুāϰ āφāϧāϘāĻŖ্āϟা āĻŦা āĻĒৌāύে āĻāĻ• āϘāĻŖ্āϟাāϰ āφāĻ—েāχ āĻāĻ• āĻĻāĻĢা āĻ āϘāϟāύাāĻ—ুāϞো āϘāϟে।

āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻĻিāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύী āĻāϞাāĻ•া⧟ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāϏীāύ āĻĻāϞেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•েāϰা āĻ—া⧜ি āĻ“ āĻŽোāϟāϰāϏাāχāĻ•েāϞে āύৌāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āϏ্āϟিāĻ•াāϰ āϞাāĻ—ি⧟ে āĻ…āĻŦাāϧে āϚāϞাāϚāϞ āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽোāϟāϰāϏাāχāĻ•েāϞāϚাāϞāĻ• āĻ›া⧜া āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻŦা āĻ­্āϰাāĻŽ্āϝāĻŽাāĻŖ āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ āĻ•াāωāĻ•ে āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝা⧟āύি।

āϤāĻŦে āϰাāϤে āĻ­োāϟ āĻ—āĻŖāύা āĻļেāώে āϝে āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ āφāϏে, āϤাāϤে ā§Ē āϞাāĻ– ā§¯ā§Š āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ­োāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে ā§Š āϞাāĻ– ā§Ŧ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ŧā§Šā§Ŧ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒাāύ āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী। āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻšā§Ÿ ā§Ŧ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ģā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ­োāϟ। āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• ā§§ āϞাāĻ– ā§­ā§Ž āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒে⧟ে āϜ⧟ী āĻšāύ। āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϏāĻš āĻ…āύ্āϝ āϚাāϰ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›েāύ ā§§ āϞাāĻ– ā§§ā§§ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻ­োāϟ। āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āύāϜāϰুāϞ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āĻŽāĻž্āϜু āĻĒাāύ ā§§ āϞাāĻ– ⧝ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ⧍ā§Ģā§§ āĻ­োāϟ।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϞোāϰ āφāϟāϜāύ āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽী ā§Žā§Ļāϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āϘুāϰে āϧাāύেāϰ āĻļীāώ āĻŦ্āϝাāϜāϧাāϰী āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ ā§Žā§Ļ āϜāύ āύেāϤা āĻŦা āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāĻ•েāĻ“ āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāύāύি।

āϤাāĻšāϞে āĻāχ āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞāϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻ­োāϟ āĻ•াāϰা, āĻ•āĻ–āύ āĻĻিāϞ? āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ, āϞাāχāύে āĻĻাঁ⧜াāύো, āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦা āĻŦুāĻĨāĻĢেāϰāϤ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াংāĻļ āĻ­োāϟাāϰেāϰ āĻšাāϤে āĻ›িāϞ āύৌāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻ­োāϟাāϰ āϏ্āϞিāĻĒ āĻŦা āĻŦুāĻ•ে āĻ›িāϞ āĻŦ্āϝাāϜ। āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āĻ–োāĻĻ āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ•āĻ•েāĻ“ āĻ­াāĻŦি⧟েāĻ›ে।

āĻ—āϤāĻ•াāϞ āĻŦিāϜ⧟-āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύে āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŦāϞেāύ, ‘āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻĻিāύ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤি āĻ›িāϞ, āϤাāϰা āύৌāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāϜ āĻĒāϰে āĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āφāĻŽি āϏাāϰা āĻĻিāύ āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāϜāϧাāϰী āĻ•াāωāĻ•ে āĻ•োāύো āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻĻেāĻ–িāύি। āĻāϤ āĻ­োāϟ āĻ•োāϤ্āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāϞ!’


āĻ–ুāϞāύাāϰ ⧍ā§Ē āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄে āϏোāύাāĻĒোāϤা āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āύাāϰী āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύী āĻ•্āϝাāĻŽ্āĻĒ āĻ­েāĻ™ে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤāϰা। āĻ›āĻŦি: āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϞো

āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āϰেāύ, āĻ­োāϟ āĻ…āĻŦাāϧ, āϏুāώ্āĻ ু āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰা āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦিāĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āϤাāϰ āĻĻা⧟ āϤিāύি āύেāĻŦেāύ āύা।

āϤāĻŦে āĻŽোāϟ āϝে āĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে, āϤা āĻšিāϏাāĻŦ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟, āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻ­োāϟ ā§Ēā§§ā§§āϟি āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›ে। āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϤে, āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āĻ•াāωāύ্āϏিāϞāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻ“ āĻ•াāϰāĻ“ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦুāĻĨ āĻĻāĻ–āϞ āĻŦা āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻšāϞে āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽোāϟ āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāϤো।

āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϜাāύেāύ, āĻ–ুāϞāύা āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āϜ্āϝেāώ্āĻ  āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ• āĻ“ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āϜāύেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ—āϤāĻ•াāϞ āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻšā§Ÿ। āϤাঁāϰা āĻŦāϞেāύ, āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āϏেāχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āϝিāύি ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Š āϏাāϞে āĻŽে⧟āϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύে āĻŦিāύা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻĒāϰাāϜ⧟ āĻŽেāύে āύি⧟েāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āϤাঁāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāϝāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻ•ে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে, āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻ্āĻŦāύ্āĻĻ্āĻŦী āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āϞোāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻŽাāĻ āĻ›া⧜া āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে āϜিāϤāĻŦেāύ āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϤে āϤাঁāϰ āϏা⧟ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে, āϤা āĻ…āύেāĻ•েāχ āĻ­াāĻŦāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύি। āĻāχ āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻ­োāϟāĻ“ āφāĻ—ে āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻĻেāĻ–েāύি।

āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏিāĻĒিāĻŦিāϰ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻĒāĻĻāĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻŽিāϜাāύুāϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽাāύ āĻ…āύেāĻ•āϟা āφāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞেāύ, āĻāχ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύে āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻšāϞেāύ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāϏāϰ্āϜāύ āĻĻিāϞেāύ āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖাāĻĸ্āϝ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϜীāĻŦāύ। āĻāχ āĻŽāύ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻ—āϤāĻ•াāϞ āϏংāĻŦাāĻĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύে āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϤিāύি āĻā§œি⧟ে āϝাāύ। 

āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āύāϜāϰুāϞ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āĻŽāĻž্āϜুāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦি, āĻ–ুāϞāύা⧟ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĄাāĻ•াāϤিāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟা āύāϤুāύ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āφāĻ—াāĻŽী āϜাāϤী⧟ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύেāϰ āφāĻ—ে āϤাāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻŽāĻšā§œা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ›ে।

āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻ•েāϰা āĻŦāϞāĻ›েāύ, āĻāχ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĻি⧟ে āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āϏāϚেāϤāύ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽিāϟিāϰ āĻ–ুāϞāύাāϰ āϏāĻ­াāĻĒāϤি āφāύো⧟াāϰুāϞ āĻ•াāĻĻিāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āĻ­িāϜিāϞ্āϝাāύ্āϏ āϟিāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ। āϤিāύি āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻĻিāύ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻ—āϤāĻ•াāϞ āϤিāύি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞেāύ, āĻ–ুāϞāύা āϏিāϟি āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύে āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύ āϝে āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰেāĻ–েāĻ›ে, āϤেāĻŽāύāϟা āϝāĻĻি āϜাāϤী⧟ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύে āϰাāĻ–ে, āϤāĻŦে āϏেāχ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύ āύি⧟ে āĻļāĻ™্āĻ•া āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύেāϰ āωāϚিāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ–ুāϞāύাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύেāϰ āĻ­ুāϞāϤ্āϰুāϟি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿা।
  • āĻ•াāϰ্āϟেāϏিঃ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϞো/āĻŽে ā§§ā§­, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž 

Need free, fair polls in Bangladesh — USAID




The US expects that Bangladesh fulfill its commitment to hold free, fair, credible and participatory elections that reflect the will of the Bangladeshi people.

USAID Administrator Mark A Green, who arrived in Dhaka on May 14, has highlighted the importance of preserving the rights of free speech and assembly as well as a free and independent press, before, during, and after the upcoming national voting later this year.

In reply to a question on BNP chief Khaleda Zia, who is now in jail and under a judicial process, he said “US government expects fair and systematic process will be followed”.

He was speaking to a selective group of journalists after wrapping up a 14-day tour at American Club today. He will be leaving for Myanmar, where he will raise the urgent need to take steps to end the Rohingya crisis.


  • Courtesy —  The Daily Star/ Thursday, May 17, 2017


Parliament lost Tk 37cr in quorum crisis: TIB

The current parliament incurred losses of total Tk 37.37 crore due to quorum crisis since January last year.
A total of 38 hours was also wasted in five sessions of the 10th parliament, Transparency International Bangladesh(TIB) said at a briefing at its Dhanmondi office this morning.

TIB also said, only nine per cent of the total time was spent in law making process among the total time, over 260 hours, spent in the five sessions.

  • Courtesy: The Daily Star/ May 17, 2018

Yet another scandalous election

Editorial 


THE Khulna mayoral elections held on Tuesday was another disappoint in terms of the incumbents’ political and cultural ability to hold elections in free and fair manner. Many expected that the Khulna city corporation polls, an election held after a series of scandalous ones under the present regime, beginning from the last phases of those to Upajila in March 2014 and Dhaka city corporation April 2015, would be better in terms of neutrality of the civil administration, law enforcing agencies and the Election Commission in allowing equal opportunities to the contesting candidates belonging to the ruling quarters and the opposition camp while paving the way for the voters to go to the polling stations without fear and choose their representatives freely.

But, alas, it was not to happen: the party-neutral section of the mainstream media has reported on the systematic intimidation of the active supporters of the opposition candidate particularly by way of arresting the campaigners from the beginning of the electoral race two weeks ago, creating an uneven field for the opposition in the first place. Then, on the election-day, the public administration and the law enforcing agencies publicly appeared to be supportive of all the unfair means the ruling party candidate and his supporters adopted to forcibly win the elections – stuffing of ballot papers, muscle flexing in and around the polling stations, obstructing the voters from coming to the polling centres.

The election was marred, as a field-level report of the News Age says on Wednesday, by ‘widespread rigging, ballot stuffing and muscle flexing by ruling Awami League activists’ with the ‘law enforcers turning a blind eye’. While the polling agents of the opposition candidates were reportedly ousted by the muscle-flexing ruling party activists from many polling centres, many voters publicly complained that they could not cast votes for they were told by the polling officers that their votes had already been cast!

The long series of vote riggings, with direct and indirect supports of the administration, and without any effective intervention by Election Commission to stop such riggings, would further strengthen the opposition camp’s apprehension about a free and fair national election scheduled for late this year. Subsequently, they might ultimately decide not to take part in the next national election as they did in 2014. 

The incumbents, after being able to sustain its power even after the most farcical elections of the country’s history last time, may even opt for mechanically legitimising their perpetuation in power for another term through another sham elections with the main opposition parties staying outside the electoral race, but people’s right to vote and freely choose their representatives would be the prime casualty. Moreover, a repetition of 2014 elections would destroy the already damaged political fabric of democratic politics for the years to come.

Under the circumstance, it is imperative for the politically conscious and democratically oriented sections of the society, particularly those having no blind allegiance to the political camps crudely contesting for power, to initiate necessary activism to prevent the country from such a disastrous future without further delay.

  • Courtesy: New Age /Editorial/ May 17, 2018

āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে 'āϜাāϞ-āĻ­োāϟ -āĻ—্āϝাং'

'āϜাāϞ-āĻ­োāϟ -āĻ—্āϝাং' — āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ­োāϟ āĻĄাāĻ•াāϤ āĻĻāϞ। 


āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āϞāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻ–ুāϞāύা āϏিāϟি āĻ•āϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāĻļāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāϚāύে āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Ēā§Ļ āϜāύেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি 'āϜাāϞ-āĻ­োāϟ -āĻ—্āϝাং' āύৌāĻ•া⧟ āĻāĻ•āϚেāϟি⧟া āϏিāϞ āĻŽাāϰাāϰ āĻŽিāĻļāύে āύাāĻŽে। āĻ­োāϟেāϰ āĻļুāϰু āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻļেāώ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻি⧟ে āϚাāϞি⧟ে āϝা⧟ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāύ্āϤে।  

āύৌāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āϤাāϞāĻ•ুāĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻŦেāϰ āĻšāϞেāχ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĻāĻ–āϞে āύি⧟ে ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽিāύিāϟেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏিāϞ āĻŽেāϰে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϏ āĻ­āϰে āϏāϟāĻ•ে āĻĒ⧜ে āϤাāϰা।

āϤাāϰা āϏāĻ•াāϞ ā§Žāϟা āĻĨাāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Ļāϟা āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āϰেāĻ•ি āĻ•āϰে āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে। āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒি āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨিāϤ āϧাāύেāϰ āĻļীāώ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āύāϜāϰুāϞ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āĻŽāĻž্āϜুāϰ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ“ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽুāĻ­āĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻĻেāĻ–ে ā§§ā§Ļāϟাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰে āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻে⧟াāϰ āĻŽিāĻļāύ।

ā§§ā§Ļāϟাāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ— āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨী āϤাāϞāĻ•ুāĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāύ ā§§ā§Ŧ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āύূāϰ āύāĻ—āϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে। āĻ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻ•āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāύ āϤাঁāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে। āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻĻāϰ্āĻļāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāϞে āφāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻŽী āϞীāĻ—েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āϰাāĻ“ āĻŦেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āφāϏেāύ। āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āύāĻ—āϰ āϝুāĻŦāϞীāĻ— āύেāϤা āϜাāĻ•িāϰ āĻ“ āĻ•াāύা āϰাāύাāϰ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦে ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§Ģā§Ļ āϜāύেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ—্āϰুāĻĒ āφāϚāĻŽāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻ­েāϤāϰ। āĻĒ্āϰিāϜাāχāĻĄিং āĻ…āĻĢিāϏাāϰ, āϏāĻšāĻ•াāϰী āĻĒ্āϰিāϜাāχāĻĄিং āĻ…āĻĢিāϏাāϰ āĻ“ āϧাāύেāϰ āĻļীāώ āĻĒ্āϰāϤীāĻ•েāϰ āĻāϜেāύ্āϟāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦেāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻি⧟ে āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰেāύ āϜাāϞāĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ। ā§§ā§Ļ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽিāύিāϟেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻĨাāĻ•া āϏāĻŦ āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟ āĻĒেāĻĒাāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāύ্āĻĄিāϞে āϏিāϞ āĻŽেāϰে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϏ āĻ­āϰ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āĻ•āϰে। āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻĒে⧟ে āĻŽিāĻĄি⧟া āĻ“ āφāχāύāĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāϰা āφāϏāϤে āφāϏāϤে āϏāϟāĻ•ে āĻĒ⧜ে āϤাāϰা। āϚāϞে āϝা⧟ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে। 

āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āĻ­েāϤāϰে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•াāϞে āϜাāϞāĻ­োāϟ āĻ—্āϝাং āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻŦাāχāϰে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύে⧟। āĻ–াāϞেāĻ• āĻ“ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•-āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϰা āĻŦেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽিāύিāϟেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āĻāĻ•āϝোāĻ—ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤেāχ āϏāĻŦ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϏ āĻ­āϰ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে āϏāϟāĻ•ে āĻĒ⧜ে āϤাāϰা। 

āϏāĻ•াāϞ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύāĻ—āϰীāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻāϞাāĻ•া⧟ āĻ—ি⧟ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ āĻāχ 'āϜাāϞ-āĻ­োāϟ -āĻ—্āϝাং'  āĻŦিāύা āĻŦাāϧা⧟ āϜাāϞāĻ­োāϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āĻŽুāĻšুāϰ্āϤেāχ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϤ্āϝাāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āϚāϞে āϝাāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āĻĒে⧟ে āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŽ্āϝাāϜিāϏ্āϟ্āϰেāϟāϰা āĻāϞে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻļাāύ্āϤ āĻĻেāĻ–ে āϚāϞে āϝাāϚ্āĻ›েāύ। 

ā§Ēāύং āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻĻে⧟াāύা āωāϤ্āϤāϰ āĻĒা⧜া āĻ­োāϟ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒি āύেāϤাāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽী āĻ“ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻšাāĻŽāϞা āĻ•āϰে āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ•েāϰ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•āϰা। āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻি⧟ে āϏāϰে āĻĒ⧜ে āϤাāϰা। 

āĻĻুāĻĒুāϰ ⧍āϟাāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে ⧧⧝ āύāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻļেāĻ–āĻĒা⧜া āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āϝাāύ āϤাāϞুāĻ•āĻĻাāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻুāϞ āĻ–াāϞেāĻ•। āϏেāĻ–াāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϤিāύি āĻŦেāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻāϞে āϤাāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĨাāĻ•া āύেāϤাāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦāĻšāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻে⧟া āĻļুāϰু āĻ•āϰে। āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে āϤাāϰা āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻে⧟ āĻ“āχ āĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻšাāϤেāĻŽ āφāϞী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ, āχāϏāϞাāĻŽাāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ, āĻĒাāχāĻ“āύি⧟াāϰ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ­োāϟāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ, āĻ—āύ্āĻĄাāĻŽাāϰি āϞা⧟āύ্āϏ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ“ āύিāϰাāϞ⧟ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ“। āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻŦিāĻāύāĻĒিāϰ āĻĒোāϞিং āĻāϜেāύ্āϟāĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰে āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύāϰāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύেāχ āĻŽাāϰāϧāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦেāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻি⧟ে āϜাāϞ āĻ­োāϟ āĻĻে⧟। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•্āώāĻŖেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦ্āϝাāϞāϟ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϏ āĻ­āϰ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে āϟāĻšāϞ āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻ“ āϏাংāĻŦাāĻĻিāĻ•āϰা āφāϏাāϰ āφāĻ—েāχ āĻ•েāϟে āĻĒ⧜ে। 

  • āϤāĻĨ্āϝāϏূāϤ্āϰ — āĻŽাāύāĻŦāϜāĻŽিāύ/āĻŦুāϧāĻŦাāϰ, āĻŽে ā§§ā§Ŧ, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž।